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Tipepidine
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<p>Tipepidine (<a href="/facts/International_Nonproprietary_Name/wYL655x6">INN</a>) (brand names Asverin, Antupex, Asvelik, Asvex, Bitiodin, Cofdenin A, Hustel, Nodal, Sotal), also known as tipepidine hibenzate (<a href="/facts/Japanese_Accepted_Name/2TWpxztK">JAN</a>), is a <a href="/facts/Organic_compound/gqCNaN45">synthetic</a>, non-<a href="/facts/Opioid/EGnE2x99">opioid</a> <a href="/facts/Antitussive/2Qe0AjMx">antitussive</a> and <a href="/facts/Expectorant/rw9veqmh">expectorant</a> of the <a href="/facts/Thiambutene/L4qrhoJB">thiambutene</a> class. It acts as an <a href="/facts/Channel_blocker/st53fGqP">inhibitor</a> of <a href="/facts/G_protein-coupled_inwardly-rectifying_potassium_channel/7Tsk5bI3">G protein-coupled inwardly-rectifying potassium channels</a> (GIRKs). The drug was discovered in the 1950s, and was developed in <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a> in 1959. It is used as the hibenzate and <a href="/facts/Citrate/EgKGQBdl">citrate</a> salts. </p><p>The usual dose is 20 mg every 4–6 hours. Possible <a href="/facts/Side_effect/PhuX2haY">side effects</a> of tipepidine, especially in <a href="/facts/Overdose/Jlo2AX3Y">overdose</a>, may include <a href="/facts/Drowsiness/mIlFhyf0">drowsiness</a>, <a href="/facts/Vertigo/2RDjIkuh">vertigo</a>, <a href="/facts/Delirium/f1zdzAc5">delirium</a>, <a href="/facts/Disorientation/LtTwMXqE">disorientation</a>, <a href="/facts/Loss_of_consciousness/SS240v32">loss of consciousness</a>, and <a href="/facts/Confusion/Pcvw6deb">confusion</a>. </p><p>Tipepidine has been investigated as a potential <a href="/facts/Psychiatric_drug/mAkQK0Eh">psychiatric drug</a>. It is being investigated in <a href="/facts/Major_depressive_disorder/l2lQeWqr">depression</a>, <a href="/facts/Obsessive-compulsive_disorder/bIhDh4dz">obsessive-compulsive disorder</a>, and <a href="/facts/Attention-deficit_hyperactivity_disorder/uSqjIyhd">attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD). Through inhibition of GIRK channels, tipepidine increases <a href="/facts/Dopamine/5gNy8Xkd">dopamine</a> levels in the <a href="/facts/Nucleus_accumbens/2M43u5X4">nucleus accumbens</a>, but without <a href="/facts/Hyperlocomotion/XBFh8oMC">increasing locomotor activity</a> or producing <a href="/facts/Methamphetamine/vS1jloMe">methamphetamine</a>-like <a href="/facts/Behavioral_sensitization/76UrWQuT">behavioral sensitization</a>, and this action appears to be at least partly responsible for its <a href="/facts/Antidepressant/N62ND3Fa">antidepressant</a>-like effects in rodents. </p>