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Turingery
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<p>Turingery or Turing's method (playfully dubbed Turingismus by Peter Ericsson, <a href="/facts/Peter_Hilton/aMMvVAqJ">Peter Hilton</a> and <a href="/facts/Donald_Michie/qvesIVeK">Donald Michie</a>) was a manual <a href="/facts/Codebreaking/7CPEQlJI">codebreaking</a> method devised in July 1942 by the mathematician and cryptanalyst <a href="/facts/Alan_Turing/klov9b6g">Alan Turing</a> at the British <a href="/facts/Government_Code_and_Cypher_School/XCMkfqWE">Government Code and Cypher School</a> at <a href="/facts/Bletchley_Park/ID0B04WB">Bletchley Park</a> during <a href="/facts/World_War_II/2efV5L1U">World War II</a>. It was for use in <a href="/facts/Cryptanalysis_of_the_Lorenz_cipher/bKNMWwuB">cryptanalysis of the Lorenz cipher</a> produced by the <a href="/facts/Lorenz_cipher/PV3mCXFg">SZ40 and SZ42</a> teleprinter <a href="/facts/Rotor_machine/xWJgVfIb">rotor</a> <a href="/facts/Stream_cipher/BxU0aWmJ">stream cipher</a> machines, one of the <a href="/facts/Germans/F7mBCrJ4">Germans</a>' <i>Geheimschreiber</i> (secret writer) machines. The British codenamed non-<a href="/facts/Morse_code/GXwCl1HV">Morse</a> traffic <a href="/facts/Fish_(cryptography)/STYbDYCh">"Fish"</a>, and that from this machine "Tunny" (another word for the <a href="/facts/Tuna_fish/7HtBI9EL">tuna fish</a>). </p><p>Reading a Tunny message required firstly that the logical structure of the system was known, secondly that the periodically changed pattern of active cams on the wheels was derived, and thirdly that the starting positions of the scrambler wheels for this message—the <a href="/facts/Key_(cryptography)/5W5PAmT4">message key</a>—was established. The logical structure of Tunny had been worked out by <a href="/facts/W._T._Tutte/8VbfbzU6">William Tutte</a> and colleagues over several months ending in January 1942. Deriving the message key was called "setting" at Bletchley Park, but it was the derivation of the cam patterns—which was known as "wheel breaking"—that was the target of Turingery. </p><p>German operator errors in transmitting more than one message with the same key, producing a <a href="/facts/Cryptanalysis/7CPEQlJI">"depth"</a>, allowed the derivation of that key. Turingery was applied to such a key stream to derive the cam settings. </p>