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Double jeopardy
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Jurisprudence/wNTsXP4F">jurisprudence</a>, double jeopardy is a <a href="/facts/Procedural_defence/kogLYk3w">procedural defence</a> (primarily in <a href="/facts/Common_law/vGVcW4Kf">common law</a> jurisdictions) that prevents an accused person from being <a href="/facts/Trial/7mNT4FRG">tried</a> again on the same (or similar) charges following an <a href="/facts/Acquittal/xIpDz685">acquittal</a> or <a href="/facts/Conviction/fLfLzPYv">conviction</a> and in rare cases <a href="/facts/Prosecutorial_misconduct/g3RlG9xf">prosecutorial</a> and/or <a href="/facts/Judicial_misconduct/gPcqM6cb">judge misconduct</a> in the same <a href="/facts/Jurisdiction/0Kb8hao4">jurisdiction</a>. Double jeopardy is a common concept in <a href="/facts/Criminal_law/XXfgv9as">criminal law</a> – in <a href="/facts/Civil_law_(common_law)/7apK9Gaa">civil law</a>, a similar concept is that of <i><a href="/facts/Res_judicata/XoDvBJ0X">res judicata</a></i>. The double jeopardy protection in criminal prosecutions bars only an identical prosecution for the same offence; however, a different offence may be charged on identical evidence at a second trial. <i>Res judicata</i> protection is stronger – it precludes any causes of action or claims that arise from a previously litigated subject matter. </p><p>A variation in <a href="/facts/Common_law/vGVcW4Kf">common law</a> countries is the <a href="/facts/Peremptory_plea/ur4PtlTr">peremptory plea</a>, which may take the specific forms of <i>autrefois acquit</i> ('previously acquitted') or <i>autrefois convict</i> ('previously convicted'). These doctrines appear to have originated in ancient <a href="/facts/Roman_law/m7peoAbG">Roman law</a>, in the broader principle <i><a href="/facts/Non_bis_in_idem/BwzLwLol">non bis in idem</a></i> ('not twice against the same'). </p>