Bornyl diphosphate synthase

In <a href="/facts/Enzymology/DSI1Fh7y">enzymology</a>, bornyl diphosphate synthase (BPPS) (<a href="/facts/Enzyme_Commission_number/Y5GNLRKX">EC</a> <a href="https://www.enzyme-database.org/query.php?ec=5.5.1.8">5.5.1.8</a>) is an <a href="/facts/Enzyme/DSI1Fh7y">enzyme</a> that <a href="/facts/Catalysis/LPBS7TQC">catalyzes</a> the <a href="/facts/Chemical_reaction/GpqWlKrz">chemical reaction</a>

geranyl diphosphate 
 
 
 
 ⇌
 
 
 {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons }
 
 (+)-bornyl diphosphate
Bornyl diphosphate synthase is involved in the biosynthesis of the cyclic <a href="/facts/Monoterpenoid/6kFBtsXM">monoterpenoid</a> bornyl diphosphate. As seen from the reaction above, BPPS takes <a href="/facts/Geranyl_diphosphate/evgr8bp7">geranyl diphosphate</a> as its only substrate and isomerizes into the product, (+)- bornyl diphosphate. This reaction comes from a general class of enzymes called terpene synthases that cyclize a universal precursor, geranyl diphosphate, to form varying monocyclic and bicyclic monoterpenes. The biochemical transformation of geranyl diphosphate to cyclic products occurs in a variety of aromatic plants, including both <a href="/facts/Flowering_plant/E5eGYIvY">angiosperms</a> and <a href="/facts/Gymnosperm/lzcpfbUK">gymnosperms</a>, and is used for various purposes described in sections below. Terpene synthases like BPPS are the primary enzymes in the formation of low-molecular-weight terpene metabolites. The organization of terpene synthases, their characteristic ability to form multiple products, and regulation in response to biotic and abiotic factors contribute to the formation of a diverse group of terpene metabolites. The structural diversity and complexity of terpenes generates an enormous potential for mediating plant–environment interactions.
The <a href="/facts/List_of_enzymes/w2RP6EwU">systematic name</a> of this enzyme class is (+)-bornyl-diphosphate lyase (decyclizing). Other names in common use include bornyl pyrophosphate synthase, bornyl pyrophosphate synthetase, (+)-bornylpyrophosphate cyclase, and geranyl-diphosphate cyclase (ambiguous). This enzyme participates in <a href="/facts/Monoterpenoid/6kFBtsXM">monoterpenoid</a> biosynthesis and belongs to the family of <a href="/facts/Isomerase/DtUWnvle">isomerases</a>, specifically the class of intramolecular lyases.
The chirality of borneol in a plant depends on the preferred chirality of the bornyl diphosphate synthase. Synthases for either chirality have been sequenced: this article deals with the better-characterized (+)-bornyl diphosphate synthase. In 2021, scientists discovered the first known (-)-bornyl diphosphate synthase.

Bornyl diphosphate synthase open-in-new

Bornyl diphosphate synthase