Human–computer chess matches

This article documents the progress of significant human–computer chess matches.
<a href="/facts/Computer_chess/2wE8AU5d">Chess computers</a> were first able to beat strong <a href="/facts/Chess/47ykvkHF">chess</a> players in the late 1980s. Their most famous success was the victory of <a href="/facts/Deep_Blue_(chess_computer)/7lnCRVup">Deep Blue</a> over then <a href="/facts/World_Chess_Champion/XPdyx85g">World Chess Champion</a> <a href="/facts/Garry_Kasparov/NNjULdHH">Garry Kasparov</a> in 1997, but there was some controversy over whether the match conditions favored the computer.
In 2002–2003, three human–computer matches were drawn, but, whereas Deep Blue was a specialized machine, these were chess programs running on commercially available computers.
Chess programs running on commercially available desktop computers won decisive victories against human players in matches in 2005 and 2006. The second of these, against then world champion <a href="/facts/Vladimir_Kramnik/4nqctqAw">Vladimir Kramnik</a>, is the last major human–computer match.
Since that time, chess programs running on commercial hardware—more recently including mobile phones—have been able to defeat even the strongest human players.

Human–computer chess matches open-in-new

Human–computer chess matches