Track II diplomacy

Track II diplomacy is the practice of <a href="/facts/Non-state_actor/GWCNaraW">non-state actors</a> using <a href="/facts/Conflict_resolution/vovgnlwG">conflict resolution</a> tactics (such as workshops and conversations) to "[lower] the anger or tension or fear that exists" between conflicting groups.
These "non-governmental, informal and unofficial contacts" host activities to improve communication and understanding between citizens, such as through workshops and conversations.
According to American peace activist Joseph V. Montville, who coined the term, track I diplomacy entails official, governmental <a href="/facts/Diplomacy/s5dRkAhk">diplomacy</a> between nations, such as <a href="/facts/Negotiation/QyUsoN6M">negotiations</a> conducted by professional <a href="/facts/Diplomat/HP56MrVL">diplomats</a>. Track II diplomacy refers to conflict resolution efforts by practitioners and theorists. These efforts involve "improved <a href="/facts/Communication/EGEkchsT">communication</a>" to further "a better understanding of [conflicting groups'] point of view".

Track II diplomacy open-in-new

Track II diplomacy