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Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem
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<p>The Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem states that when <a href="/facts/Statistical_mechanics/6zMsNYYG">statistical mechanics</a> and <a href="/facts/Classical_mechanics/ykG8upsN">classical mechanics</a> are applied consistently, the thermal average of the <a href="/facts/Magnetization/zxrtXzTN">magnetization</a> is always zero. This makes magnetism in solids solely a <a href="/facts/Quantum_mechanical/BRc3Mzgr">quantum mechanical</a> effect and means that classical physics cannot account for <a href="/facts/Paramagnetism/vj1SMbbp">paramagnetism</a>, <a href="/facts/Diamagnetism/dgFavn9K">diamagnetism</a> and <a href="/facts/Ferromagnetism/fH3HFnSl">ferromagnetism</a>. Inability of classical physics to explain <a href="/facts/Triboelectricity/Ga1uNMJo">triboelectricity</a> also stems from the Bohr–Van Leeuwen theorem. </p>