Ideal gas law

<p>The ideal gas law, also called the general gas equation, is the <a href="/facts/Equation_of_state/tLILkepz">equation of state</a> of a hypothetical <a href="/facts/Ideal_gas/80EfYGFj">ideal gas</a>. It is a good approximation of the behavior of many <a href="/facts/Gas/hVVAoodV">gases</a> under many conditions, although it has several limitations. It was first stated by <a href="/facts/Beno%25C3%25AEt_Paul_%25C3%2589mile_Clapeyron/108oIBhT">Benoît Paul Émile Clapeyron</a> in 1834 as a combination of the empirical <a href="/facts/Boyle%2527s_law/EuguIP5A">Boyle's law</a>, <a href="/facts/Charles%2527s_law/kU3S85Kq">Charles's law</a>, <a href="/facts/Avogadro%2527s_law/r3P987Lj">Avogadro's law</a>, and <a href="/facts/Gay-Lussac%2527s_law/TLdemIq8">Gay-Lussac's law</a>. The ideal gas law is often written in an empirical form:
</p><p>
  
    
      
        p
        V
        =
        n
        R
        T
      
    
    {\displaystyle pV=nRT}

where 
  
    
      
        p
      
    
    {\displaystyle p}
  
, 
  
    
      
        V
      
    
    {\displaystyle V}
  
 and 
  
    
      
        T
      
    
    {\displaystyle T}
  
 are the <a href="/facts/Pressure/eyc37GRG">pressure</a>, <a href="/facts/Volume/aeAXCBUd">volume</a> and <a href="/facts/Thermodynamic_temperature/JXeJJPa6">temperature</a> respectively; 
  
    
      
        n
      
    
    {\displaystyle n}
  
 is the <a href="/facts/Amount_of_substance/tQVyNLCp">amount of substance</a>; and 
  
    
      
        R
      
    
    {\displaystyle R}
  
 is the <a href="/facts/Ideal_gas_constant/RUXszrMH">ideal gas constant</a>.
It can also be derived from the microscopic <a href="/facts/Kinetic_theory_of_gases/WUaJuMHU">kinetic theory</a>, as was achieved (apparently independently) by <a href="/facts/August_Kr%25C3%25B6nig/btYbB8Xd">August Krönig</a> in 1856 and <a href="/facts/Rudolf_Clausius/RMgFgY7I">Rudolf Clausius</a> in 1857.
</p>

Ideal gas law open-in-new

Ideal gas law