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Mainstream Science on Intelligence
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<p>"Mainstream Science on Intelligence" was a public statement issued by a group of researchers led by psychologist <a href="/facts/Linda_Gottfredson/e2vNnINA">Linda Gottfredson</a>. It was published originally in <i><a href="/facts/The_Wall_Street_Journal/9Pkf2cYK">The Wall Street Journal</a></i> on December 13, 1994, as a response to criticism of the book <i><a href="/facts/The_Bell_Curve/VYdYT1Mc">The Bell Curve</a></i> by <a href="/facts/Richard_Herrnstein/KBcR0wjB">Richard Herrnstein</a> and <a href="/facts/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)/8NfYBS1u">Charles Murray</a>, which appeared earlier the same year. The statement defended Herrnstein and Murray's controversial claims about <a href="/facts/Race_and_intelligence/MhE2V3sm">race and intelligence</a>, including the claim that average <a href="/facts/Intelligence_quotient/rozfcXsk">intelligence quotient</a> (IQ) differences between racial and ethnic groups may be at least partly genetic in origin. This view is now considered discredited by mainstream science. </p><p>The statement was drafted by Gottfredsen, a professor of <a href="/facts/Educational_psychology/AF8VsLRy">educational psychology</a> at the <a href="/facts/University_of_Delaware/qhyh9tc3">University of Delaware</a>. It was sent to 131 researchers whom Gottfredsen described as "experts in intelligence and allied fields". Of these, 52 signed the statement, 48 returned the request with an explicit refusal to sign, and 31 ignored the request. </p><p>According to a 1996 response by former <a href="/facts/American_Psychological_Association/907fEfuc">American Psychological Association</a> president <a href="/facts/Donald_T._Campbell/85by17J0">Donald Campbell</a>, only ten of those who signed were actual experts in intelligence measurement. The <a href="/facts/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center/T25z3Hf7">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> reported that 20 of the signers were recipients of funding from the <a href="/facts/White_supremacy/RBQEYS2y">white supremacist</a> organization the <a href="/facts/Pioneer_Fund/wW8tF7Qy">Pioneer Fund</a>, including Gottfredson herself. </p><p>During subsequent years, both the substance and the interpretation of this letter have received criticism from scientists. </p>