Coffee

Coffee is a beverage <a href="/facts/Coffee_brew/6azR0oKn">brewed</a> from roasted, ground <a href="/facts/Coffee_bean/cjxmAQwK">coffee beans</a>. Darkly colored, bitter, and slightly acidic, coffee has a <a href="/facts/Stimulant/nmBdAXM5">stimulating effect</a> on humans, primarily due to its <a href="/facts/Caffeine/Hx6E2QC5">caffeine</a> content, but <a href="/facts/Decaffeinated/NvBxbYaS">decaffeinated</a> coffee is also commercially available. There are also various <a href="/facts/Coffee_substitute/kmJ80whB">coffee substitutes</a>. Typically served hot, coffee has the highest sales in the world market for hot drinks.
Coffee production begins when the seeds from coffee cherries (the <a href="/facts/Coffea/ArsKBUCv">Coffea</a> plant's fruits) are separated to produce unroasted <a href="/facts/Green_coffee_bean/cjxmAQwK">green coffee beans</a>. The "beans" are <a href="/facts/Coffee_roasting/mXsr4LWv">roasted</a> and then ground into fine particles. Coffee is brewed from the ground roasted beans, which are typically steeped in hot water before being filtered out. It is usually served hot, although chilled or <a href="/facts/Iced_coffee/NfWRPIqa">iced coffee</a> is common. Coffee can be <a href="/facts/Coffee_preparation/6azR0oKn">prepared</a> and presented in <a href="/facts/List_of_coffee_drinks/kBpXarJ7">a variety of ways</a> (e.g., <a href="/facts/Espresso/VnblcSUB">espresso</a>, <a href="/facts/French_press/VuzYaw6z">French press</a>, <a href="/facts/Caff%25C3%25A8_latte/uYaN9NGR">caffè latte</a>, or already-brewed <a href="/facts/Canned_coffee/VQ9HAMbs">canned coffee</a>). Sugar, sugar substitutes, milk, and cream are often added to mask the bitter taste or enhance the flavor.
Though coffee is now a global commodity, it has <a href="/facts/History_of_coffee/NqyklyHA">a long history</a> tied closely to food traditions around the Red Sea. Credible evidence of coffee drinking as the modern beverage subsequently appears in modern-day Yemen in southern Arabia in the middle of the 15th century in Sufi shrines, where coffee seeds were first roasted and brewed in a manner similar to how it is now prepared for drinking. The coffee beans were procured by the Yemenis from the Ethiopian Highlands via coastal Somali intermediaries, and cultivated in Yemen. By the 16th century, the drink had reached the rest of the Middle East and North Africa, later spreading to Europe.
The two most commonly grown coffee bean types are <a href="/facts/Coffea_arabica/noXPsKj4">C. arabica</a> and <a href="/facts/Robusta_coffee/9JugawvB">C. robusta</a>. <a href="/facts/Coffea/ArsKBUCv">Coffee plants</a> are cultivated in <a href="/facts/List_of_countries_by_coffee_production/U8XzF22E">over 70 countries</a>, primarily in the equatorial regions of the Americas, Southeast Asia, the Indian subcontinent, and Africa. Green, unroasted coffee is traded as an agricultural commodity. The <a href="/facts/International_Coffee_Organization/1oP1QsEr">global coffee industry</a> is worth $495.50 billion, as of 2023. In 2023, Brazil was the leading grower of coffee beans, producing 31% of the world's total, followed by Vietnam. While coffee sales reach billions of dollars annually worldwide, coffee farmers disproportionately live in poverty. Critics of the <a href="/facts/Coffee_industry/d4k4NRyG">coffee industry</a> have also pointed to its negative impact on the environment and the <a href="/facts/Land_clearing/L1TNhN9p">clearing of land</a> for coffee-growing and water use.

Coffee open-in-new

Coffee