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Reference.org
Transition path sampling
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<p>Transition path sampling (TPS) is a <a href="/facts/Rare-event_sampling/aQ9IarMf">rare-event sampling</a> method used in <a href="/facts/Computer_simulation/Re6o8vzN">computer simulations</a> of rare events: physical or chemical transitions of a system from one stable state to another that occur too rarely to be observed on a computer timescale. Examples include <a href="/facts/Protein_folding/rf3nR2Y1">protein folding</a>, <a href="/facts/Chemical_reaction/GpqWlKrz">chemical reactions</a> and <a href="/facts/Nucleation/efUVLsLR">nucleation</a>. Standard simulation tools such as <a href="/facts/Molecular_dynamics/yR3DNt6U">molecular dynamics</a> can generate the dynamical trajectories of all the atoms in the system. However, because of the gap in accessible time-scales between simulation and reality, even present supercomputers might require years of simulations to show an event that occurs once per millisecond without some kind of acceleration. </p>