Sensory processing disorder

Sensory processing disorder (SPD), formerly known as sensory integration dysfunction, is a condition in which <a href="/facts/Sensory_nervous_system/05dM9sTQ">multisensory input</a> is not adequately <a href="/facts/Sensory_processing/VIsgQleL">processed</a> in order to provide appropriate responses to the demands of the environment. Sensory processing disorder is present in many people with <a href="/facts/Dyspraxia/YlIU4Khk">dyspraxia</a>, <a href="/facts/Autism/6MTwMNoJ">autism spectrum disorder</a>, and <a href="/facts/Attention_deficit_hyperactivity_disorder/uSqjIyhd">attention deficit hyperactivity disorder</a> (ADHD). Individuals with SPD may inadequately process <a href="/facts/Visual_system/QVcuA27K">visual</a>, <a href="/facts/Auditory_system/fJYTKjje">auditory</a>, <a href="/facts/Olfactory_system/MD48Kz6E">olfactory</a> (smell), <a href="/facts/Taste/mdB8ysuK">gustatory</a> (taste), <a href="/facts/Haptic_perception/HjD4T34m">tactile</a> (touch), <a href="/facts/Sense_of_balance/U1JQfwoN">vestibular</a> (balance), <a href="/facts/Proprioception/Ik79bA2x">proprioception</a> (body awareness), and <a href="/facts/Interoception/bIdIF1xg">interoception</a> (internal body senses) sensory stimuli.
<a href="/facts/Multisensory_integration/lUUaqCqu">Sensory integration</a> was defined by <a href="/facts/Occupational_therapy/eKTxd7kM">occupational therapist</a> <a href="/facts/Anna_Jean_Ayres/fb7PSczW">Anna Jean Ayres</a> in 1972 as "the neurological process that organizes sensation from one's own body and from the environment and makes it possible to use the body effectively within the environment". Sensory processing disorder has been characterized as the source of significant problems in organizing sensation coming from the body and the environment and is manifested by difficulties in the performance in one or more of the main areas of life: productivity, <a href="/facts/Leisure/nrFmpKYq">leisure</a> and <a href="/facts/Play_(activity)/72zJ5jYn">play</a> or <a href="/facts/Activities_of_daily_living/0AYDmmSA">activities of daily living</a>.
Sources debate whether SPD is an independent <a href="/facts/Cognitive_disorder/PAhmL2df">disorder</a> or represents the observed symptoms of various other, more well-established, disorders. SPD is not included in the <a href="/facts/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders/pJ29wFmm">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders</a> of the <a href="/facts/American_Psychiatric_Association/xn9juNST">American Psychiatric Association</a>, and the <a href="/facts/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics/rsUGJTBh">American Academy of Pediatrics</a> has recommended in 2012 that <a href="/facts/Pediatrics/hnkMfLeg">pediatricians</a> not use SPD as a stand-alone <a href="/facts/Diagnosis/VcsPwshd">diagnosis</a>.

Sensory processing disorder open-in-new

Sensory processing disorder