Instrument error refers to a measurement error inherited from a measuring instrument. It could be caused by manufacturing tolerances of components in the instrument, the accuracy of the instrument calibration, or a difference between the measurement condition and the calibration condition (e.g., the measurement is done at a temperature different than the calibration temperature).
Such errors are considered different than errors caused by different reasons; errors made during measurement reading, errors caused by human errors, and errors caused by a change in the measurement environment caused by the presence of the instrument affecting the environment.
Like all the other errors, instrument errors can be errors of various types, and the overall error is the sum of the individual errors.
Like the other errors, the instrument errors can also be classified by the following types based on the behavior of errors in the measurement repetitions.