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Reference.org
Staudinger synthesis
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<p>The Staudinger synthesis, also called the Staudinger ketene-imine cycloaddition, is a <a href="/facts/Chemical_synthesis/3KXsVVwC">chemical synthesis</a> in which an <a href="/facts/Imine/yK72z07j">imine</a> 1 reacts with a <a href="/facts/Ketene/ByPehuE4">ketene</a> 2 through a non-<a href="/facts/Photochemical/GsXNBWon">photochemical</a> 2+2 <a href="/facts/Cycloaddition/Gme6TDFP">cycloaddition</a> to produce a <a href="/facts/Beta-lactam/jasUACD2"><i>β</i>-lactam</a> 3. The reaction carries particular importance in the synthesis of <a href="/facts/%CE%92-lactam_antibiotics/MTqEtwsg">β-lactam antibiotics</a>. The Staudinger synthesis should not be confused with the <a href="/facts/Staudinger_reaction/s63Hyq9D">Staudinger reaction</a>, a phosphine or phosphite reaction used to reduce azides to amines. </p> <p>Reviews on the mechanism, stereochemistry, and applications of the reaction have been published. </p>