Environmental impact of pesticides

The environmental effects of pesticides describe the broad series of consequences of using pesticides. The unintended consequences of pesticides is one of the main drivers of <a href="/facts/Environmental_impact_of_agriculture/MRaeMFq2">the negative impact of modern industrial agriculture on the environment</a>. Pesticides, because they are toxic chemicals meant to kill <a href="/facts/Pest_(organism)/mXGHJ8s7">pest species</a>, can affect non-target <a href="/facts/Species/oDg6b96r">species</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Phytotoxicity/EpeTkAux">plants</a>, animals and humans. Over 98% of sprayed <a href="/facts/Insecticide/1xYL3MSD">insecticides</a> and 95% of <a href="/facts/Herbicide/FN93bvrk">herbicides</a> reach a destination other than their target species, because they are sprayed or spread across entire agricultural fields. Other <a href="/facts/Agrochemical/Pf7FXeuG">agrochemicals</a>, such as <a href="/facts/Fertilizer/ysh3r6NJ">fertilizers</a>, can also have negative effects on the environment.
The negative effects of pesticides are not just in the area of application. <a href="/facts/Surface_runoff/zPxoaA0D">Runoff</a> and <a href="/facts/Pesticide_drift/tSKMDvUe">pesticide drift</a> can carry pesticides into distant aquatic environments or other fields, grazing areas, human settlements and undeveloped areas. Other problems emerge from poor production, transport, storage and disposal practices. Over time, repeat application of pesticides increases pest resistance, while its effects on other species can facilitate the pest's resurgence. Alternatives to heavy use of pesticides, such as <a href="/facts/Integrated_pest_management/XWCwBShW">integrated pest management</a>, and <a href="/facts/Sustainable_agriculture/XLdTEVAC">sustainable agriculture</a> techniques such as <a href="/facts/Polyculture/WXrglcI9">polyculture</a> mitigate these consequences, without the harmful toxic chemical application.
Environmental modelling indicates that globally over 60% of global agricultural land (~24.5 million km²) is "at risk of pesticide pollution by more than one active ingredient", and that over 30% is at "high risk" of which a third are in high-biodiversity regions. Each pesticide or pesticide class comes with a specific set of environmental concerns. Such undesirable effects have led many pesticides to be banned, while regulations have limited and/or reduced the use of others. The global spread of pesticide use, including the use of older/obsolete pesticides that have been banned in some jurisdictions, has increased overall.

Environmental impact of pesticides open-in-new

Environmental impact of pesticides