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MM code
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<p>An MM code is a "machine-readable modulated" feature that has been added to German <a href="/facts/Debit_card/A9C9sNeB">debit cards</a> during manufacture as an anti-<a href="/facts/Counterfeiting/MaYRLckY">counterfeiting</a> measure since 1979. It was developed by "Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation" (a subsidiary of Giesecke & Devrient) in Munich for the German ec-Card system and MM verification devices have been added to German ATMs from 1982 onwards. If a payment card contains an MM code as well as a magnetic stripe, any fraudster who counterfeits the card but fails to read and duplicate the MM code onto the copy will be detected when trying to use the counterfeit in a German <a href="/facts/Automated_teller_machine/8y5eVFUr">automated teller machine</a>. </p>