Ahmad Reza Djalali (born 15 September 1971) is an Iranian-Swedish physician and researcher in disaster medicine. He has worked at several European universities, including the Karolinska University of Sweden, where he earned his PhD, the , Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel. He has also collaborated with universities in Iran and maintained international academic connections.
Djalali was arrested in April 2016 while visiting Iran and later sentenced to death on charges of espionage and treason. Human rights organizations have described his trial as unfair. Djalali has stated that he was tortured and threatened during his detention. His case has been described by human rights advocates as a form of retaliatory punishment linked to international legal proceedings, and possibly a case of academic hostage diplomacy.