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Recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance
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<p>Recurrent thalamo-cortical resonance or thalamocortical oscillation is an observed phenomenon of <a href="/facts/Neural_oscillation/knHbTaxg">oscillatory neural activity</a> between the <a href="/facts/Thalamus/UHDtUStc">thalamus</a> and various <a href="/facts/Cerebral_cortex/GpXosGHP">cortical</a> regions of the brain. It is proposed by <a href="/facts/Rodolfo_Llinas/a88rr0pN">Rodolfo Llinas</a> and others as a theory for the integration of <a href="/facts/Sensory_system/05dM9sTQ">sensory</a> information into the whole of <a href="/facts/Perception/xLK0n2q4">perception</a> in the <a href="/facts/Brain/EKla9NkJ">brain</a>. Thalamocortical oscillation is proposed to be a mechanism of <a href="/facts/Synchronization/L39sYwbr">synchronization</a> between different cortical regions of the brain, a process known as <a href="/facts/Binding_problem/FVQUUuBx">temporal binding</a>. This is possible through the existence of thalamocortical networks, groupings of thalamic and cortical cells that exhibit oscillatory properties. </p><p>Thalamocortical oscillation involves the synchronous firing of thalamic and cortical neurons at specific frequencies; in the thalamocortical system, the exact frequencies depend on current brain state and mental activity. Fast frequencies in the <a href="/facts/Gamma_wave/1jXxu2HK">gamma</a> range are associated with much of conscious thought and active cognition. The thalamus in this system acts as both the gate for sensory input to the cortex as well as the site for feedback from cortical <a href="/facts/Pyramidal_cell/T8MTBq8b">pyramidal cells</a>, implying a processing role in sensory perception in addition to its function in directing information flow. The state of the brain, whether it be conscious, in <a href="/facts/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep/ySwdAgfK">REM sleep</a>, or <a href="/facts/NREM/zYWgLzXd">non-rapid eye movement sleep</a>, changes how sensory information is gated through the thalamus. </p>