Kingdom of Hejaz

The Hashemite Kingdom of Hejaz was a state in the <a href="/facts/Hejaz/elkPdQyh">Hejaz</a> region of <a href="/facts/Western_Asia/xXM15vIz">Western Asia</a> that included the western portion of the <a href="/facts/Arabian_Peninsula/x1fDka2b">Arabian Peninsula</a> that was ruled by the <a href="/facts/Hashemites/IESwVa7f">Hashemite dynasty</a>. It was <a href="/facts/Self-proclaimed/m26ga5HM">self-proclaimed</a> as a kingdom in June 1916 during the <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">First World War</a>, to be independent from the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Empire/6QvfTRsg">Ottoman Empire</a>, on the basis of <a href="/facts/McMahon%25E2%2580%2593Hussein_Correspondence/5lRCctxL">an alliance</a> with the <a href="/facts/British_Empire/hrsz0j7A">British Empire</a> to drive the <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Army_(1861%25E2%2580%25931922)/HjKCNAzo">Ottoman Army</a> from the <a href="/facts/Arabian_Peninsula/x1fDka2b">Arabian Peninsula</a> during the <a href="/facts/Arab_Revolt/vbE1APx6">Arab Revolt</a>.
The British government had <a href="/facts/McMahon%25E2%2580%2593Hussein_Correspondence/5lRCctxL">promised</a> <a href="/facts/Hussein_bin_Ali%2c_King_of_Hejaz/WN0QFyC4">Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz</a>, a single independent <a href="/facts/Arabs/E77duPsg">Arab</a> state that would include, in addition to the <a href="/facts/Hejaz/elkPdQyh">Hejaz</a> region, modern-day <a href="/facts/Jordan/JC5sS1oJ">Jordan</a>, <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a>, and most of <a href="/facts/Syria/7pDXGzq8">Syria</a>, with the fate of the <a href="/facts/Palestine_region/HxMSPazK">Palestine region</a> (today's <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a> and <a href="/facts/State_of_Palestine/WWcc0vRx">Palestine</a>) being mentioned in more ambiguous terms. However, at the end of the <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">First World War</a>, the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Versailles/BsNmjaqV">Treaty of Versailles</a> turned Syria into a French <a href="/facts/League_of_Nations_mandate/CXCj7gno">League of Nations mandate</a> and <a href="/facts/Ottoman_Iraq/rlYLHyQd">Iraq</a>, <a href="/facts/Mutasarrifate_of_Jerusalem/T0Qo524j">Mandate Palestine</a> and <a href="/facts/History_of_Jordan/JAVjkxY4">Transjordan</a> into British mandates. Hashemite princes were installed as monarchs under the British mandates in Transjordan and Iraq; this became known as the <a href="/facts/Sharifian_solution/98dogX2x">Sharifian solution</a>.
Relations with the <a href="/facts/British_Empire/hrsz0j7A">British Empire</a> further deteriorated when more <a href="/facts/Ashkenazi_Jews/B9PIYy71">European Jews</a> moved to <a href="/facts/Mandatory_Palestine/mv0NGUBy">Palestine</a>, as the area was defined under the British rule. Hussein refused to ratify the 1919 <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Versailles/BsNmjaqV">Treaty of Versailles</a>, and, in response to a 1921 <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">British</a> proposal to sign a treaty accepting the Mandate system, stated that he could not be expected to "affix his name to a document assigning Palestine to the Zionists and Syria to foreigners". A further British attempt to reach a treaty failed in 1923–24 and negotiations were suspended in March 1924; within six months the British withdrew their support in favour of their <a href="/facts/Sultanate_of_Nejd/I1c29QHk">central Arabian</a> ally <a href="/facts/Ibn_Saud/4Hmo3To7">Ibn Saud</a>, who proceeded to <a href="/facts/Saudi_conquest_of_Hejaz/o8fEwQNS">conquer Hussein's kingdom</a>.
On 23 September 1932, the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Hejaz_and_Nejd/mo5nyglv">Kingdom of Hejaz and Nejd</a> was unified with the other Saudi dominions, creating the <a href="/facts/Unification_of_Saudi_Arabia/kmr3oduz">unified</a> <a href="/facts/Saudi_Arabia/uyUpe1J2">Kingdom of Saudi Arabia</a>.

Kingdom of Hejaz open-in-new

Kingdom of Hejaz