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Quantum random circuits
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<p>Quantum random circuits (QRC) is a concept of incorporating an element of randomness into the local <a href="/facts/Unitarity_(physics)/x2gXDAsS">unitary operations</a> and <a href="/facts/Measurement_in_quantum_mechanics/VY7jPfP0">measurements</a> of a <a href="/facts/Quantum_circuit/yuFDFFPa">quantum circuit</a>. The idea is similar to that of <a href="/facts/Random_matrix/Yqo1lwFW">random matrix theory</a> which is to use the QRC to obtain almost exact results of non-integrable, hard-to-solve problems by averaging over an ensemble of outcomes. This incorporation of randomness into the circuits has many possible advantages, some of which are (i) the validation of quantum computers, which is the method that Google used when they claimed <a href="/facts/Quantum_supremacy/yGFzB6QR">quantum supremacy</a> in 2019, and (ii) understanding the universal structure of non-equilibrium and thermalization processes in quantum many-body dynamics. </p>