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Reference.org
Multipolar exchange interaction
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<p>Magnetic materials with strong <a href="/facts/Spin-orbit_interaction/Pv6maL1S">spin-orbit interaction</a>, such as: LaFeAsO, PrFe4P12, YbRu2Ge2, UO2, NpO2, Ce1−xLaxB6, URu2Si2 and many other compounds, are found to have magnetic ordering constituted by high rank multipoles, e.g. quadruple, octople, etc. Due to the strong spin-orbit coupling, multipoles are automatically introduced to the systems when the <a href="/facts/Total_angular_momentum_quantum_number/onphLcJI">total angular momentum quantum number</a> J is larger than 1/2. If those multipoles are coupled by some exchange mechanisms, those multipoles could tend to have some ordering as conventional spin 1/2 Heisenberg problem. Except the multipolar ordering, many hidden order phenomena are believed closely related to the multipolar interactions </p>