One-state solution

The one-state solution is a proposed approach to the <a href="/facts/Israeli%25E2%2580%2593Palestinian_peace_process/bu9PhcfW">Israeli–Palestinian peace process</a>. It stipulates the establishment of a single state within the boundaries of the former <a href="/facts/Mandatory_Palestine/mv0NGUBy">Mandatory Palestine</a>, today consisting of the combined territory of modern-day <a href="/facts/Israel/dEe3IcaY">Israel</a> (excluding the <a href="/facts/Israeli_occupation_of_the_Golan_Heights/SBnGQEV1">annexed Golan Heights</a>) and <a href="/facts/Palestine/XYeHy1af">Palestine</a>. The term one-state reality describes the belief that the current situation of the <a href="/facts/Israeli%25E2%2580%2593Palestinian_conflict/JU7ynqCl">Israeli–Palestinian conflict</a> on the ground is that of one de facto country. The one-state solution is sometimes referred to as the bi-national state, owing to the hope that it would successfully deliver self-determination to <a href="/facts/Israelis/Xx9g0vP1">Israelis</a> and <a href="/facts/Palestinians/DBnkAQ5l">Palestinians</a> in one country, thus granting both peoples independence as well as absolute access to all of the land.
Various models have been proposed for implementing the one-state solution. 

<ul><li>One such model is the <a href="/facts/Unitary_state/HAxK1eMM">unitary state</a>, which would comprise a single government with citizenship and equal rights for every ethnic and religious group in the land, similar to the legal arrangement of the <a href="/facts/Mandate_for_Palestine/rTD4dAqo">British Mandate for Palestine</a>. Some Israelis advocate a version of this model in which <a href="/facts/Proposed_Israeli_annexation_of_the_West_Bank/N7B3UYjT">Israel annexes the West Bank</a> (but not the Gaza Strip) and grants Israeli citizenship to all of the Palestinians living there, thereby integrating the region and gaining a larger <a href="/facts/Arab_citizens_of_Israel/FVxrBcQB">Arab minority</a>, but remaining a <a href="/facts/Jewish_and_democratic_state/06yTpLEB">Jewish and democratic state</a>.</li>
<li>A second model calls for Israel to annex the West Bank and integrate it as a Palestinian autonomous region. </li>
<li>A third model involves creating a <a href="/facts/Federation/R846sufb">federal state</a> with a central government and federative districts, some of which would be Israeli and others Palestinian.</li>
<li>A fourth model, described by the Israeli–Palestinian peace movement <a href="/facts/A_Land_for_All_(organization)/kD8fAn1P">A Land for All</a>, involves the establishment of a <a href="/facts/Confederation/5MPbBSCS">confederation</a> in which independent Israeli and Palestinian states share powers in some areas, and giving Israelis and Palestinians residency rights in each other's states.</li></ul>
Though increasingly debated in academic circles, the one-state solution has remained outside the range of official diplomatic efforts to resolve the conflict, as it has historically been eclipsed by the <a href="/facts/Two-state_solution/qVur4GnX">two-state solution</a>. According to the most recent joint survey of the Palestinian–Israeli Pulse in 2023, support for a democratic one-state solution stands at 23% among Palestinians and 20% among <a href="/facts/Israeli_Jews/LfbJql59">Israeli Jews</a>. A non-equal non-democratic one-state solution remains more popular among both populations, supported by 30% of Palestinians and 37% of Israeli Jews. A Palestinian poll in September 2024 revealed that only 10% of respondents supported a single state that would provide equal rights for both Israelis and Palestinians.

One-state solution open-in-new

One-state solution