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TypeScript
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<p>TypeScript (abbreviated as TS) is a <a href="/facts/Free_and_open-source/1cHtjLCB">free and open-source</a> <a href="/facts/High-level_programming_language/smjECUhx">high-level</a> <a href="/facts/Programming_language/cWTYbgWa">programming language</a> developed by <a href="/facts/Microsoft/nGIDDXdx">Microsoft</a> that adds <a href="/facts/Static_typing/Tz0bAMS9">static typing</a> with optional type <a href="/facts/Annotation/dGfVSUKc">annotations</a> to <a href="/facts/JavaScript/XhhIIEsl">JavaScript</a>. It is designed for the development of large applications and <a href="/facts/Source-to-source_compiler/MnSVwoe9">transpiles</a> to JavaScript. </p><p>TypeScript may be used to develop JavaScript applications for both <a href="/facts/Client-side/v7DVfjsH">client-side</a> and <a href="/facts/Server-side/JqukWyaA">server-side</a> execution (as with <a href="/facts/Node.js/FKzhV4Qa">Node.js</a>, <a href="/facts/Deno_(software)/m1xyHIPE">Deno</a> or <a href="/facts/Bun_(software)/StggJde8">Bun</a>). Multiple options are available for transpilation. The default TypeScript Compiler can be used, or the <a href="/facts/Babel_(transcompiler)/NMAQxCuf">Babel</a> compiler can be invoked to convert TypeScript to JavaScript. </p><p>TypeScript supports definition files that can contain type information of existing JavaScript <a href="/facts/Library_(computing)/xRzL3P7q">libraries</a>, much like <a href="/facts/C%252B%252B/Et0F2qn9">C++</a> <a href="/facts/Header_files/fg3KEG4V">header files</a> can describe the structure of existing <a href="/facts/Object_file/sFBvosE4">object files</a>. This enables other programs to use the values defined in the files as if they were statically typed TypeScript entities. There are third-party header files for popular libraries such as <a href="/facts/JQuery/YIqFG0ww">jQuery</a>, <a href="/facts/MongoDB/9myQKGoY">MongoDB</a>, and <a href="/facts/D3.js/H5xQ0vcu">D3.js</a>. TypeScript headers for the <a href="/facts/Node.js/FKzhV4Qa">Node.js</a> library modules are also available, allowing development of Node.js programs within TypeScript. </p><p>The TypeScript compiler is <a href="/facts/Self-hosting_(compilers)/0Q3F2Buy">itself written in TypeScript</a> and <a href="/facts/Source-to-source_compiler/MnSVwoe9">compiled</a> to JavaScript. It is licensed under the <a href="/facts/Apache_License_2.0/5AeIjas8">Apache License 2.0</a>. <a href="/facts/Anders_Hejlsberg/E1GJCekr">Anders Hejlsberg</a>, lead architect of <a href="/facts/C_Sharp_(programming_language)/UC2gxeyb">C#</a> and creator of <a href="/facts/Delphi_(programming_language)/sUFUXQ8r">Delphi</a> and <a href="/facts/Turbo_Pascal/2aWFEk9z">Turbo Pascal</a>, has worked on the development of TypeScript. </p>