Hugh MacDiarmid

Christopher Murray Grieve (11 August 1892 – 9 September 1978), best known by his pen name Hugh MacDiarmid (/məkˈdɜːrmɪd/ mək-DUR-mid, Scots: [ˈhju məkˈdjɑrmɪd]), was a Scottish poet, journalist, essayist and political figure. He is considered one of the principal forces behind the <a href="/facts/Scottish_Renaissance/fY6LnyuK">Scottish Renaissance</a> and has had a lasting impact on Scottish culture and politics. He was a founding member of the <a href="/facts/National_Party_of_Scotland/QhPUmhjV">National Party of Scotland</a> in 1928 but left in 1933 due to his <a href="/facts/Marxist%25E2%2580%2593Leninist/bXD3yf3m">Marxist–Leninist</a> views. He joined the <a href="/facts/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain/GFF6JLpS">Communist Party of Great Britain</a> the following year only to be expelled in 1938 for his <a href="/facts/Scottish_nationalism/ac2m1v9L">nationalist</a> sympathies. He would subsequently stand as a parliamentary candidate for both the <a href="/facts/Scottish_National_Party/szB9zEcs">Scottish National Party</a> (1945) and <a href="/facts/British_Communist_Party/GFF6JLpS">Communist Party of Great Britain</a> (1964).
Grieve's earliest work, including Annals of the Five Senses, was written in English, but he is best known for his use of "<a href="/facts/Lallans/SpE3TVj9">synthetic Scots</a>", a literary version of the <a href="/facts/Scots_language/0qPof8oC">Scots language</a> that he himself developed. From the early 1930s onwards MacDiarmid made greater use of English, sometimes a "synthetic English" that was supplemented by scientific and technical vocabularies.
The son of a postman, MacDiarmid was born in the Scottish border town of <a href="/facts/Langholm/9I3NCvEY">Langholm</a>, <a href="/facts/Dumfriesshire/oLtEguIn">Dumfriesshire</a>. He was educated at Langholm Academy before becoming a teacher for a brief time at Broughton Higher Grade School in <a href="/facts/Edinburgh/PcsoaK9h">Edinburgh</a>. He began his writing career as a journalist in Wales, contributing to the socialist newspaper <a href="/facts/The_Merthyr_Pioneer/5FWE8QSH">The Merthyr Pioneer</a> run by <a href="/facts/Labour_Party_(UK)/jr0wYRdF">Labour party</a> founder <a href="/facts/Keir_Hardie/FNLzT0zL">Keir Hardie</a> before joining the <a href="/facts/Royal_Army_Medical_Corps/jvFJMaSz">Royal Army Medical Corps</a> at the outbreak of the First World War. He served in Salonica, Greece and France before developing cerebral malaria and subsequently returning to Scotland in 1918. MacDiarmid's time in the army was influential in his political and artistic development.
After the war he continued to work as a journalist, living in Montrose where he became editor and reporter of the Montrose Review as well as a justice of the peace and a member of the county council. In 1923 his first book, Annals of the Five Senses, was published at his own expense, followed by Sangschaw in 1925, and Penny Wheep. <a href="/facts/A_Drunk_Man_Looks_at_the_Thistle/yxTuQhNy">A Drunk Man Looks at the Thistle</a>, published in 1926, is generally regarded as MacDiarmid's most famous and influential work.
Moving to the Shetland island of <a href="/facts/Whalsay/GjRQSHRG">Whalsay</a> in 1933 with his son <a href="/facts/Michael_Grieve/7VS6AUxC">Michael</a> and second wife, Valda Trevlyn, MacDiarmid continued to write essays and poetry despite being cut off from mainland cultural developments for much of the 1930s. He died at his cottage Brownsbank, near <a href="/facts/Biggar%2c_South_Lanarkshire/BHucEfre">Biggar</a>, in 1978 at the age of 86.
At different times throughout his life, MacDiarmid was a supporter of <a href="/facts/Fascism/EhQWcPsE">Fascism</a>, <a href="/facts/Stalinism/rrkfMruT">Stalinism</a>, and <a href="/facts/Scottish_nationalism/ac2m1v9L">Scottish nationalism</a>, views that routinely put him at acrimonious odds with his contemporaries. He was a founding member of the <a href="/facts/National_Party_of_Scotland/QhPUmhjV">National Party of Scotland</a>, forerunner to the modern <a href="/facts/Scottish_National_Party/szB9zEcs">Scottish National Party</a>. He stood as a candidate for the Scottish National Party in 1945 and 1950, and for the <a href="/facts/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain/GFF6JLpS">Communist Party of Great Britain</a> in 1964. In 1949, MacDiarmid's opinions led <a href="/facts/George_Orwell/aIQhGvNh">George Orwell</a> to include his name in a list of "those who should not be trusted" to <a href="/facts/MI5/mI3nc0YP">MI5</a>. Today, MacDiarmid's work is credited with inspiring a new generation of writers. Fellow poet <a href="/facts/Edwin_Morgan_(poet)/Ik7Nsx5Y">Edwin Morgan</a> said of him: "Eccentric and often maddening genius he may be, but MacDiarmid has produced many works which, in the only test possible, go on haunting the mind and memory and casting <a href="/facts/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge/80CDXJoq">Coleridgean</a> seeds of insight and surprise."

Hugh MacDiarmid open-in-new

Hugh MacDiarmid