The Associative Programming Language (APL) is a database language developed by General Motors Research Laboratories in 1966.
APL was developed to provide high-level language data access and manipulation functions to support GM's CADANCE interactive computer graphics system. It was designed to integrate with PL/I.
The underlying database is assumed to follow the network model. GM's first database manager was implemented via linked lists, but in 1977 the "Virtual Associative Access Manager" {VAAM) was developed to use virtual storage and implementing entity relationships as arrays.: p.86 APL was later ported to the MCTS operating system.