Quantitative PCR instrument

A quantitative PCR instrument, also called real-time PCR machine, is an analytical instrument that amplifies and detects <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a>. It combines the functions of a <a href="/facts/Thermal_cycler/9Y3ep6j4">thermal cycler</a> and a <a href="/facts/Fluorimeter/sN4Hq9Uu">fluorimeter</a>, enabling the process of <a href="/facts/Quantitative_PCR/jYLeLlQM">quantitative PCR</a>. Quantitative PCR instruments detect fluorescent signals produced during DNA amplification, which correlate with the amount of DNA generated. This allows for precise quantification of specific DNA present in a sample. These instruments are used in many applications, including <a href="/facts/Gene_expression_analysis/alCPohLR">gene expression analysis</a>, detection of <a href="/facts/SNP_genotyping/3NXuFjLU">genetic variations</a>, <a href="/facts/Genotyping/GRyXkRcn">genotyping</a>, and <a href="/facts/Molecular_diagnostics/sxaTFsgE">diagnostics</a> of bacterial and viral pathogens.
The first quantitative PCR machine was described in 1993, and two commercial models became available in 1996. By 2009, eighteen different models were offered by seven different manufacturers. Prices range from about 4,500 to 150,000 USD. Many configurations of real-time PCR instruments became available on the market, with most commonly used systems designed to accommodate 96- or 384-well plates. Principal performance dimensions include thermal control, fluorescence detection (fluorimetry), and sample throughput.
A quantitative PCR instrument is usually equipped with integrated software for real-time data acquisition and analysis, including quantification, <a href="/facts/Melting_curve_analysis/bdkXp9T5">melting curve analysis</a>, and quality control metrics. Most systems use <a href="/facts/Thermoelectric_cooling/fzQLmYjh">Peltier-based</a> thermal blocks.

Quantitative PCR instrument open-in-new

Quantitative PCR instrument