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Roles of chemical elements
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<p> This table is designed to show the role(s) performed by each <a href="/facts/Chemical_element/0jducgWD">chemical element</a>, in nature and in technology. </p><p>Z = <a href="/facts/Atomic_number/bgAr581S">Atomic number</a> Sym. = <a href="/facts/Chemical_symbol/2Fe1VAL0">Symbol</a> Per. = <a href="/facts/Period_(periodic_table)/WpGUFh5V">Period</a> Gr. = <a href="/facts/Group_(periodic_table)/YGBcUabv">Group</a> </p> <table><tbody><tr><th>Z</th><th>Sym.</th><th>Element</th><th>Per.</th><th>Gr.</th><th>Role(s) in nature (non-living and living)</th><th>Role(s) in technology (old and new)</th></tr><tr><td> 1</td><td>H</td><td><a href="/facts/Hydrogen/BoYHjl0J">Hydrogen</a></td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td><td>Astronomy: source of power by <a href="/facts/Nuclear_fusion/hP0gLDqj">nuclear fusion</a> (<a href="/facts/Proton%25E2%2580%2593proton_chain_reaction/UUDAR9yW">proton–proton chain reaction</a> and <a href="/facts/CNO_cycle/ClM5eAGc">CNO cycle</a>) Biology: <a href="/facts/CHON/lI4Wve8U">One of the most common elements in living organisms</a> </td><td><a href="/facts/Petrochemical_industry/h8WLR1kx">Petrochemical industry</a>: <a href="/facts/Hydrodealkylation/bmjnAsSq">hydrodealkylation</a>, <a href="/facts/Hydrodesulfurization/CTXmxBQu">hydrodesulfurization</a> Various industries: <a href="/facts/Hydrogenation/l7EzNSA7">hydrogenation</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 2</td><td>He</td><td><a href="/facts/Helium/yRul93TG">Helium</a></td><td> 1</td><td>18</td><td>Astronomy: source of power by <a href="/facts/Nuclear_fusion/hP0gLDqj">nuclear fusion</a> (<a href="/facts/Alpha_process/S8cf71rL">alpha process</a> and <a href="/facts/Triple-alpha_process/wV6lacSF">triple-alpha process</a>) </td><td>Various industries: <a href="/facts/Cryogenics/cw7dHAkp">cryogenics</a>, <a href="/facts/Pressurization/wPCEJuW2">pressurization</a>, <a href="/facts/Controlled_atmosphere/fekqzSqj">controlled atmosphere</a>, <a href="/facts/Welding/6EJ62mYV">welding</a></td></tr><tr><td> 3</td><td>Li</td><td><a href="/facts/Lithium/7vXX6BWA">Lithium</a></td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Ceramic_materials/9JKudpqX">Ceramics</a> and <a href="/facts/Glass/hezRsAGf">glass</a>: flux, component of ovenware <p><a href="/facts/Electricity/hNC8D65W">Electricity</a> and <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">electronics</a>: <a href="/facts/Battery_(electricity)/bqEpm4ue">batteries</a> Various industries: <a href="/facts/Grease_(lubricant)/SoG6pwuV">lubricating greases</a> </p></td></tr><tr><td> 4</td><td>Be</td><td><a href="/facts/Beryllium/dv295voP">Beryllium</a></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Radiography/ab1bvq3q">Radiography</a>: radiation windows <a href="/facts/Aeronautics/yu2YEPv9">Aeronautics</a> and <a href="/facts/Astronautics/uT1nlI0F">astronautics</a>: lightweight structural components </td></tr><tr><td> 5</td><td>B</td><td><a href="/facts/Boron/Pmwgd7Mf">Boron</a></td><td> 2</td><td>13</td><td></td><td><a href="/facts/Ceramic_materials/9JKudpqX">Ceramics</a> and <a href="/facts/Glass/hezRsAGf">glass</a>: <a href="/facts/Borosilicate/Ywaqt7Ic">borosilicate</a> glass Cleaning products: <a href="/facts/Detergent/4FLKXR6p">detergents</a> and <a href="/facts/Bleach/2xAjqa2u">bleaches</a> <a href="/facts/Insecticide/1xYL3MSD">Insecticides</a>: <a href="/facts/Boric_acid/0so68XIK">boric acid</a> <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">Electronics</a>: <a href="/facts/Semiconductor/zFf3mGTE">semiconductors</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 6</td><td>C</td><td><a href="/facts/Carbon/ukrgQexo">Carbon</a></td><td> 2</td><td>14</td><td>Biology: <a href="/facts/CHON/lI4Wve8U">One of the most common elements in living organisms</a> See also: <a href="/facts/Carbon-based_life/hBEUtBtu">Carbon-based life</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fossil_fuel/BPgxAqB7">Fossil fuels</a>: <a href="/facts/Coal/83kV3qxg">coal</a>, <a href="/facts/Methane/kBHneYnh">methane</a> and <a href="/facts/Petroleum/IQV0bHVd">petroleum</a> <a href="/facts/Textile_industry/KYCR1hcR">Textile industry</a>: <a href="/facts/Cellulose/wYPafTU0">cellulose</a> <a href="/facts/Metallurgy/1SANyxX4">Metallurgy</a>: <a href="/facts/Alloy/I7w7WQWR">alloys</a>, especially <a href="/facts/Carbon_steel/QGYURvFA">carbon steel</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 7</td><td>N</td><td><a href="/facts/Nitrogen/Nf1QpGDz">Nitrogen</a></td><td> 2</td><td>15</td><td><a href="/facts/Bacteria/wC8xSCsU">Bacteria</a> and <a href="/facts/Archaea/Adxh0aHw">archaea</a>: <a href="/facts/Nitrogen_fixation/TeLoBpWS">nitrogen fixation</a> by <a href="/facts/Diazotroph/HnU5xS7V">diazotrophs</a> All forms of life on Earth: essential component of <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> and of <a href="/facts/Nucleic_acid/2tTgcI0v">nucleic acids</a> Earth's atmosphere, soil, and life forms: <a href="/facts/Nitrogen_cycle/0X1z74dN">nitrogen cycle</a> See also: <a href="/facts/CHON/lI4Wve8U">CHON</a>. </td><td><a href="/facts/Chemical_industry/3M6gfHer">Chemical industry</a>: <a href="/facts/Nitrogen_fixation/TeLoBpWS">nitrogen fixation</a> by the <a href="/facts/Haber_process/DMlVT2WP">Haber process</a> <a href="/facts/Astronautics/uT1nlI0F">Astronautics</a>: <a href="/facts/Nitric_acid/UDbwGp6s">nitric acid</a> and <a href="/facts/Hydrazine/G7P5ITzU">hydrazine</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 8</td><td>O</td><td><a href="/facts/Oxygen/acyn6o8r">Oxygen</a></td><td> 2</td><td>16</td><td><a href="/facts/Animal/4b8J33nd">Animals</a>: inhaled in <a href="/facts/Respiration_(physiology)/KKWAJIbd">respiration</a> <a href="/facts/Plants/X5BMDMvS">Plants</a>: exhaled in <a href="/facts/Respiration_(physiology)/KKWAJIbd">respiration</a>; Biology: <a href="/facts/CHON/lI4Wve8U">one of the most common elements in living organisms</a> </td><td><a href="/facts/Metallurgy/1SANyxX4">Metallurgy</a>: <a href="/facts/Smelting/Ghdvhlga">smelting</a> of <a href="/facts/Iron_ore/rQMEvgMh">iron ore</a> into <a href="/facts/Steel/aN6qWo4H">steel</a> <a href="/facts/Chemical_industry/3M6gfHer">Chemical industry</a>: <a href="/facts/Ethylene/QMNBYLYn">ethylene</a> + O2 —> <a href="/facts/Ethylene_oxide/4WDVKX2r">ethylene oxide</a> —> <a href="/facts/Ethylene_glycol/stFz6CVe">ethylene glycol</a> —> many products <a href="/facts/Medicine/2fnp90Je">Medicine</a> <a href="/facts/Water_treatment/nIstBCdG">Water treatment</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 9</td><td>F</td><td><a href="/facts/Fluorine/YUV0Fb8m">Fluorine</a></td><td> 2</td><td>17</td><td></td><td>Various industries: <a href="/facts/Fluorocarbon/jA9N6aoT">fluorocarbons</a> and derivatives as <a href="/facts/Refrigerant/rI60t5zU">refrigerants</a> and as <a href="/facts/Anaesthetic/0xG7I2ou">anaesthetics</a> Aluminium production: <a href="/facts/Cryolite/AFPScQqQ">cryolite</a> as <a href="/facts/Solvent/LoMPMz8S">solvent</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 10</td><td>Ne</td><td><a href="/facts/Neon/5bF1FwGL">Neon</a></td><td> 2</td><td>18</td><td></td><td>Signage: <a href="/facts/Neon_sign/tRXpPt1N">neon signs</a> <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">Electronics</a>: <a href="/facts/Vacuum_tube/VHd1BNLq">vacuum tubes</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 11</td><td>Na</td><td><a href="/facts/Sodium/eYuSPu2V">Sodium</a></td><td> 3</td><td> 1</td><td>See also: <a href="/facts/Sodium_in_biology/k1ovo9kR">Sodium in biology</a>. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 12</td><td>Mg</td><td><a href="/facts/Magnesium/XyIhd2FG">Magnesium</a></td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td>All life forms: essential catalyst for using and making <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a> and <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a> <a href="/facts/Plant/X5BMDMvS">Plants</a>: <a href="/facts/Photosynthesis/TMV7w693">photosynthesis</a> See also: <a href="/facts/Magnesium_in_biology/ENuowoyY">Magnesium in biology</a>. </td><td><a href="/facts/Metallurgy/1SANyxX4">Metallurgy</a>: aluminium alloys, production of iron, steel, and titanium <a href="/facts/Automotive_industry/fGFKUIlA">Automotive industry</a>: lightweight components <a href="/facts/Electronics/E4JhgISq">Electronics</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 13</td><td>Al</td><td><a href="/facts/Aluminium/7wmR8jYE">Aluminium</a></td><td> 3</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 14</td><td>Si</td><td><a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">Silicon</a></td><td> 3</td><td>14</td><td>Earth's crust: <a href="/facts/Silicate_minerals/WclrQW2I">silicate minerals</a> <a href="/facts/Diatom/x2oEcP1P">Diatoms</a>, <a href="/facts/Radiolaria/j3SYzHCS">radiolaria</a>, and <a href="/facts/Siliceous_sponge/KQQr3IS9">siliceous sponges</a>: <a href="/facts/Biogenic_silica/d3uFtNQE">biogenic silica</a> as a structural material </td><td>Construction: <a href="/facts/Portland_cement/kPj8EjnP">Portland cement</a>, <a href="/facts/Concrete/K6whGVNx">concrete</a> Electronics: <a href="/facts/Semiconductor/zFf3mGTE">semiconductors</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 15</td><td>P</td><td><a href="/facts/Phosphorus/27xCeIqs">Phosphorus</a></td><td> 3</td><td>15</td><td>Biology: structure of <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a> and <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a> part of <a href="/facts/Adenosine_triphosphate/nB9bwgcU">adenosine triphosphate</a> (ATP) structure of bones and teeth </td><td>Agriculture: <a href="/facts/Fertilizer/ysh3r6NJ">fertilizers</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 16</td><td>S</td><td><a href="/facts/Sulfur/IK0amTfM">Sulfur</a></td><td> 3</td><td>16</td><td>Biology: part of the <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> <a href="/facts/Cysteine/kbqvUm6d">cysteine</a> and <a href="/facts/Methionine/7neydPKo">methionine</a>, and of all <a href="/facts/Polypeptide/C4ltc7UG">polypeptides</a>, <a href="/facts/Protein/Jxmagu3E">proteins</a>, and <a href="/facts/Enzyme/DSI1Fh7y">enzymes</a> that contain them See also: <a href="/facts/Sulfur_assimilation/8GCaCYMz">Sulfur assimilation</a>. </td><td>Agriculture: <a href="/facts/Fertilizer/ysh3r6NJ">fertilizers</a>, <a href="/facts/Fungicide/c1twQBYo">fungicides</a>, and <a href="/facts/Pesticide/Uhf4KnwJ">pesticides</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 17</td><td>Cl</td><td><a href="/facts/Chlorine/y27UwYBM">Chlorine</a></td><td> 3</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 18</td><td>Ar</td><td><a href="/facts/Argon/QX6NRH6d">Argon</a></td><td> 3</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 19</td><td>K</td><td><a href="/facts/Potassium/5lcumVgo">Potassium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 1</td><td>Animals: <a href="/facts/Neuron/G7CyTVdH">neuron</a> function, <a href="/facts/Electrolyte/4YE8bIVa">electrolyte</a> balance See also: <a href="/facts/Potassium_in_biology/RVwcrmym">Potassium in biology</a>. </td><td>Agriculture: <a href="/facts/Fertilizer/ysh3r6NJ">fertilizers</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 20</td><td>Ca</td><td><a href="/facts/Calcium/hf252CC0">Calcium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 2</td><td>Animals: structure of <a href="/facts/Bone/pCU37jBe">bones</a> and <a href="/facts/Teeth/Wc6IqwVf">teeth</a> See also: <a href="/facts/Calcium_in_biology/wgUxKej5">Calcium in biology</a>. </td><td>Construction: <a href="/facts/Cement/VfDMkk12">cements</a> and <a href="/facts/Mortar_(masonry)/UsDMxYAh">mortars</a> </td></tr><tr><td> 21</td><td>Sc</td><td><a href="/facts/Scandium/TJRt1chg">Scandium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 22</td><td>Ti</td><td><a href="/facts/Titanium/53ArnDoy">Titanium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 23</td><td>V</td><td><a href="/facts/Vanadium/UvKkKTSm">Vanadium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 24</td><td>Cr</td><td><a href="/facts/Chromium/6sVk6Uu7">Chromium</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 25</td><td>Mn</td><td><a href="/facts/Manganese/j9ELd1TL">Manganese</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 26</td><td>Fe</td><td><a href="/facts/Iron/DkICCKIC">Iron</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 27</td><td>Co</td><td><a href="/facts/Cobalt/gqhScEw4">Cobalt</a></td><td> 4</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 28</td><td>Ni</td><td><a href="/facts/Nickel/KwMCHYRP">Nickel</a></td><td> 4</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 29</td><td>Cu</td><td><a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">Copper</a></td><td> 4</td><td>11</td><td>See also: <a href="/facts/Copper_in_health/99JcMvxf">Copper in health</a>. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 30</td><td>Zn</td><td><a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">Zinc</a></td><td> 4</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 31</td><td>Ga</td><td><a href="/facts/Gallium/EucevDs9">Gallium</a></td><td> 4</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 32</td><td>Ge</td><td><a href="/facts/Germanium/wtoALHGs">Germanium</a></td><td> 4</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 33</td><td>As</td><td><a href="/facts/Arsenic/k1c4f44D">Arsenic</a></td><td> 4</td><td>15</td><td>See also: <a href="/facts/Arsenic_biochemistry/aHqDX29B">Arsenic biochemistry</a>. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 34</td><td>Se</td><td><a href="/facts/Selenium/k975NApC">Selenium</a></td><td> 4</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 35</td><td>Br</td><td><a href="/facts/Bromine/oLfj3C7D">Bromine</a></td><td> 4</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 36</td><td>Kr</td><td><a href="/facts/Krypton/llkNlCke">Krypton</a></td><td> 4</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 37</td><td>Rb</td><td><a href="/facts/Rubidium/KDHSe2HM">Rubidium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 38</td><td>Sr</td><td><a href="/facts/Strontium/ABaA5qQK">Strontium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 39</td><td>Y</td><td><a href="/facts/Yttrium/BlX6rj99">Yttrium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 40</td><td>Zr</td><td><a href="/facts/Zirconium/y7gsoQFz">Zirconium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 4</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 41</td><td>Nb</td><td><a href="/facts/Niobium/3zNI8AKp">Niobium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 42</td><td>Mo</td><td><a href="/facts/Molybdenum/RX6vp2bF">Molybdenum</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 43</td><td>Tc</td><td><a href="/facts/Technetium/MGYWNI5d">Technetium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 44</td><td>Ru</td><td><a href="/facts/Ruthenium/uzCm4ufn">Ruthenium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 45</td><td>Rh</td><td><a href="/facts/Rhodium/xmBd9aFG">Rhodium</a></td><td> 5</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 46</td><td>Pd</td><td><a href="/facts/Palladium/P7y0ESWf">Palladium</a></td><td> 5</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 47</td><td>Ag</td><td><a href="/facts/Silver/xXe41BGg">Silver</a></td><td> 5</td><td>11</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 48</td><td>Cd</td><td><a href="/facts/Cadmium/wXkV2eIX">Cadmium</a></td><td> 5</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 49</td><td>In</td><td><a href="/facts/Indium/zRq3stVb">Indium</a></td><td> 5</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 50</td><td>Sn</td><td><a href="/facts/Tin/vxbbBgNz">Tin</a></td><td> 5</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 51</td><td>Sb</td><td><a href="/facts/Antimony/YsA7lVgT">Antimony</a></td><td> 5</td><td>15</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 52</td><td>Te</td><td><a href="/facts/Tellurium/v7QvfIvS">Tellurium</a></td><td> 5</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 53</td><td>I</td><td><a href="/facts/Iodine/JlfMecMf">Iodine</a></td><td> 5</td><td>17</td><td>See also: <a href="/facts/Iodine_in_biology/45UtNjGN">Iodine in biology</a>. </td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 54</td><td>Xe</td><td><a href="/facts/Xenon/9E3XR69R">Xenon</a></td><td> 5</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 55</td><td>Cs</td><td><a href="/facts/Caesium/dXKN1S5k">Caesium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 56</td><td>Ba</td><td><a href="/facts/Barium/IkL09XHQ">Barium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 57</td><td>La</td><td><a href="/facts/Lanthanum/Uhmmy1sB">Lanthanum</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 58</td><td>Ce</td><td><a href="/facts/Cerium/a7UjMBQ6">Cerium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 59</td><td>Pr</td><td><a href="/facts/Praseodymium/2lnRJ9dH">Praseodymium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 60</td><td>Nd</td><td><a href="/facts/Neodymium/GzDkTIoI">Neodymium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 61</td><td>Pm</td><td><a href="/facts/Promethium/8xvCz9Rg">Promethium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 62</td><td>Sm</td><td><a href="/facts/Samarium/09K3kl93">Samarium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 63</td><td>Eu</td><td><a href="/facts/Europium/dqmBm1vr">Europium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 64</td><td>Gd</td><td><a href="/facts/Gadolinium/eLYUeScu">Gadolinium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 65</td><td>Tb</td><td><a href="/facts/Terbium/ICF3PMED">Terbium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 66</td><td>Dy</td><td><a href="/facts/Dysprosium/eMev6zGS">Dysprosium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 67</td><td>Ho</td><td><a href="/facts/Holmium/C73kJVtp">Holmium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 68</td><td>Er</td><td><a href="/facts/Erbium/XEJlgJcx">Erbium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 69</td><td>Tm</td><td><a href="/facts/Thulium/G2905xhd">Thulium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 70</td><td>Yb</td><td><a href="/facts/Ytterbium/3lerM9uf">Ytterbium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 71</td><td>Lu</td><td><a href="/facts/Lutetium/URlmnYG8">Lutetium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 72</td><td>Hf</td><td><a href="/facts/Hafnium/rBNnlxDS">Hafnium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 4</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 73</td><td>Ta</td><td><a href="/facts/Tantalum/VwaxMm33">Tantalum</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 74</td><td>W</td><td><a href="/facts/Tungsten/WYwbNDYX">Tungsten</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 75</td><td>Re</td><td><a href="/facts/Rhenium/TzyqJYEn">Rhenium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 76</td><td>Os</td><td><a href="/facts/Osmium/1TjXD69n">Osmium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 77</td><td>Ir</td><td><a href="/facts/Iridium/cB4n6MbQ">Iridium</a></td><td> 6</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 78</td><td>Pt</td><td><a href="/facts/Platinum/qJC6lQf7">Platinum</a></td><td> 6</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 79</td><td>Au</td><td><a href="/facts/Gold/1znknojp">Gold</a></td><td> 6</td><td>11</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 80</td><td>Hg</td><td><a href="/facts/Mercury_(element)/WlxfoHva">Mercury</a></td><td> 6</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 81</td><td>Tl</td><td><a href="/facts/Thallium/v35pGMJB">Thallium</a></td><td> 6</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 82</td><td>Pb</td><td><a href="/facts/Lead/EYljasJN">Lead</a></td><td> 6</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 83</td><td>Bi</td><td><a href="/facts/Bismuth/75FLjkoX">Bismuth</a></td><td> 6</td><td>15</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 84</td><td>Po</td><td><a href="/facts/Polonium/G4rzsyjP">Polonium</a></td><td> 6</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 85</td><td>At</td><td><a href="/facts/Astatine/AlbHPBK5">Astatine</a></td><td> 6</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 86</td><td>Rn</td><td><a href="/facts/Radon/0V9arWKl">Radon</a></td><td> 6</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 87</td><td>Fr</td><td><a href="/facts/Francium/P3Rz4gDP">Francium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 88</td><td>Ra</td><td><a href="/facts/Radium/VWo5gkzn">Radium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 89</td><td>Ac</td><td><a href="/facts/Actinium/GMQtJ4Gm">Actinium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 90</td><td>Th</td><td><a href="/facts/Thorium/ysdWH470">Thorium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 91</td><td>Pa</td><td><a href="/facts/Protactinium/v87VqTPf">Protactinium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 92</td><td>U</td><td><a href="/facts/Uranium/n2sGWBzU">Uranium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 93</td><td>Np</td><td><a href="/facts/Neptunium/pwp7Yvds">Neptunium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 94</td><td>Pu</td><td><a href="/facts/Plutonium/4bUw9zH3">Plutonium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 95</td><td>Am</td><td><a href="/facts/Americium/rxL9Yc64">Americium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 96</td><td>Cm</td><td><a href="/facts/Curium/LMyWXg8l">Curium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 97</td><td>Bk</td><td><a href="/facts/Berkelium/ePryEYy3">Berkelium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 98</td><td>Cf</td><td><a href="/facts/Californium/AJVjoVut">Californium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> 99</td><td>Es</td><td><a href="/facts/Einsteinium/RePoIVN9">Einsteinium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>100</td><td>Fm</td><td><a href="/facts/Fermium/Us3rnvG5">Fermium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>101</td><td>Md</td><td><a href="/facts/Mendelevium/bEHBu18F">Mendelevium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>102</td><td>No</td><td><a href="/facts/Nobelium/syRkloSw">Nobelium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>103</td><td>Lr</td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrencium/HVw2LVlx">Lawrencium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>104</td><td>Rf</td><td><a href="/facts/Rutherfordium/44LSnv9p">Rutherfordium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 4</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>105</td><td>Db</td><td><a href="/facts/Dubnium/3CHC1lEt">Dubnium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>106</td><td>Sg</td><td><a href="/facts/Seaborgium/ejs0Ap6P">Seaborgium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 6</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>107</td><td>Bh</td><td><a href="/facts/Bohrium/epvp3GWM">Bohrium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>108</td><td>Hs</td><td><a href="/facts/Hassium/t0bgGzwt">Hassium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>109</td><td>Mt</td><td><a href="/facts/Meitnerium/pKaD3sRY">Meitnerium</a></td><td> 7</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>110</td><td>Ds</td><td><a href="/facts/Darmstadtium/etmwTLmP">Darmstadtium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>111</td><td>Rg</td><td><a href="/facts/Roentgenium/LEhvJaJQ">Roentgenium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>11</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>112</td><td>Cn</td><td><a href="/facts/Copernicium/EhgyBkg0">Copernicium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>12</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>113</td><td>Nh</td><td><a href="/facts/Nihonium/sb09p5dv">Nihonium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>13</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>114</td><td>Fl</td><td><a href="/facts/Flerovium/Aa7uGMuG">Flerovium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>14</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>115</td><td>Mc</td><td><a href="/facts/Moscovium/QhSEr0H5">Moscovium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>15</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>116</td><td>Lv</td><td><a href="/facts/Livermorium/nQc1FE6E">Livermorium</a></td><td> 7</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>117</td><td>Ts</td><td><a href="/facts/Tennessine/eGCBDvEr">Tennessine</a></td><td> 7</td><td>17</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>118</td><td>Og</td><td><a href="/facts/Oganesson/zs5MQDjV">Oganesson</a></td><td> 7</td><td>18</td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>