Sumer

<p>Sumer  is the earliest known <a href="/facts/Civilization/xvGpjDPj">civilization</a>, located in the historical region of southern <a href="/facts/Mesopotamia/f0mmbhTK">Mesopotamia</a> (now south-central <a href="/facts/Iraq/pqYSFJw8">Iraq</a>), emerging during the <a href="/facts/Chalcolithic/asevzSXh">Chalcolithic</a> and <a href="/facts/Early_Bronze_Age/c09qWcTt">early Bronze</a> Ages between the sixth and fifth millennium BC. Like nearby <a href="/facts/Elam/qzj9ATAt">Elam</a>, it is one of the <a href="/facts/Cradle_of_civilization/slYINUco">cradles of civilization</a>, along with <a href="/facts/Ancient_Egypt/BDsEGK4g">Egypt</a>, the <a href="/facts/Indus_Valley_Civilisation/6xM4aK23">Indus Valley</a>, the <a href="/facts/Erligang_culture/3ytN5Q5m">Erligang culture</a> of the Yellow River valley, <a href="/facts/Caral-Supe_civilization/6eEH9NjG">Caral-Supe</a>, and <a href="/facts/Mesoamerica/cFjUFklr">Mesoamerica</a>. Living along the valleys of the <a href="/facts/Tigris/Rc8Ka6k8">Tigris</a> and <a href="/facts/Euphrates/RbCk68gt">Euphrates</a> rivers, Sumerian farmers grew an abundance of grain and other crops, a surplus of which enabled them to form urban settlements. The world's earliest known texts come from the Sumerian cities of <a href="/facts/Uruk/8VY9FLDW">Uruk</a> and <a href="/facts/Jemdet_Nasr/rlNAFEgw">Jemdet Nasr</a>, and date to between c. 3350 – c. 2500 BC, following a period of <a href="/facts/Proto-writing/LW2yoFHG">proto-writing</a> c. 4000 – c. 2500 BC.
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Sumer open-in-new

Sumer