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Reference.org
Spectrochemical series
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<p>A spectrochemical series is a list of <a href="/facts/Ligand/6etB3qeW">ligands</a> ordered by ligand "strength", and a list of metal ions based on <a href="/facts/Oxidation_number/W53W6s6V">oxidation number</a>, group and element. For a metal ion, the ligands modify the difference in energy Δ between the <a href="/facts/D_orbital/tKhgl6mL">d orbitals</a>, called the ligand-field splitting parameter in <a href="/facts/Ligand_field_theory/QSzm3hg8">ligand field theory</a>, or the crystal-field splitting parameter in <a href="/facts/Crystal_field_theory/yTECtz0r">crystal field theory</a>. The splitting parameter is reflected in the ion's electronic and <a href="/facts/Magnetochemistry/DAjFkw6S">magnetic properties</a> such as its <a href="/facts/Spin_states_(d_electrons)/QDMbT06M">spin state</a>, and optical properties such as its color and absorption spectrum. </p>