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Reference.org
RNA-Seq
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<p>RNA-Seq (named as an abbreviation of RNA sequencing) is a technique that uses <a href="/facts/Next-generation_sequencing/FjLl8GGa">next-generation sequencing</a> to reveal the presence and quantity of <a href="/facts/RNA/HxPeNfNj">RNA</a> molecules in a biological sample, providing a snapshot of gene expression in the sample, also known as <a href="/facts/Transcriptome/h6CC0sR5">transcriptome</a>. </p><p>RNA-Seq facilitates the ability to look at <a href="/facts/Alternative_splicing/nNRwPVNK">alternative gene spliced transcripts</a>, <a href="/facts/Post-transcriptional_modification/Hp9Ww9Nk">post-transcriptional modifications</a>, <a href="/facts/Gene_fusion/AyR9DgQ8">gene fusion</a>, mutations/<a href="/facts/Single_nucleotide_polymorphism/Qy5Y2wom">SNPs</a> and changes in <a href="/facts/Gene_expression/alCPohLR">gene expression</a> over time, or differences in gene expression in different groups or treatments. In addition to mRNA transcripts, RNA-Seq can look at different populations of RNA to include total RNA, small RNA, such as <a href="/facts/MiRNA/UjqbYYpe">miRNA</a>, <a href="/facts/TRNA/pR9T5XSl">tRNA</a>, and <a href="/facts/Ribosome_profiling/PKJRrXYU">ribosomal profiling</a>. RNA-Seq can also be used to determine <a href="/facts/Exon/8KWJtLuN">exon</a>/<a href="/facts/Intron/LS6YdBEK">intron</a> boundaries and verify or amend previously <a href="/facts/Gene_annotation/HY6IuzMT">annotated</a> <a href="/facts/Directionality_(molecular_biology)/TIAXEQmY">5'</a> and <a href="/facts/Directionality_(molecular_biology)/TIAXEQmY">3'</a> gene boundaries. Recent advances in RNA-Seq include <a href="/facts/Single-cell_transcriptomics/QSnC7Jv0">single cell sequencing</a>, <a href="/facts/BRB-seq/rzLnQ3f3">bulk RNA sequencing</a>, 3' mRNA-sequencing, in situ sequencing of fixed tissue, and native RNA molecule sequencin g with single-molecule real-time sequencing. Other examples of emerging RNA-Seq applications due to the advancement of bioinformatics algorithms are copy number alteration, microbial contamination, transposable elements, cell type (deconvolution) and the presence of neoantigens. </p>