Guanosine pentaphosphate

<p>(p)ppGpp, guanosine pentaphosphate and tetraphosphate, also known as the "magic spot" nucleotides, are <a href="/facts/Alarmone/MX5Wsr9n">alarmones</a> involved in the <a href="/facts/Stringent_response/X62StDHg">stringent response</a> in <a href="/facts/Bacteria/wC8xSCsU">bacteria</a> that cause the <a href="/facts/Enzyme_inhibition/MkFwGXHJ">inhibition</a> of <a href="/facts/RNA_synthesis/bDgp9HDN">RNA synthesis</a> when there is a shortage of <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a>. This inhibition by (p)ppGpp decreases <a href="/facts/Translation_(biology)/JcPC1rth">translation</a> in the cell, conserving <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> present. Furthermore, ppGpp and pppGpp cause the <a href="/facts/Downregulation_and_upregulation/6nRoa28r">up-regulation</a> of many other genes involved in stress response such as the genes for amino acid uptake (from surrounding <a href="/facts/Growth_medium/97IMkpFP">media</a>) and <a href="/facts/Biosynthesis/aFk7Tk7f">biosynthesis</a>. (p)ppGpp is also conserved in <a href="/facts/Plant/X5BMDMvS">plants</a>, where it is known to play a role in regulating growth and developmental processes. 
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Guanosine pentaphosphate open-in-new

Guanosine pentaphosphate