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Adaptive deep brain stimulation
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<p>Adaptive deep brain stimulation (aDBS), also known as closed-loop deep brain stimulation (clDBS), is a neuro-modulatory technique currently under investigation for the treatment of <a href="/facts/Neurodegenerative_disease/HTDrVEqc">neurodegenerative diseases</a>. </p><p>Conventional DBS delivers constant <a href="/facts/Electro_stimulation/XbGj2jU7">electrical stimulation</a> to regions of the brain that control movement through a surgically implanted wire, or lead, that is connected to an implantable pulse generator (IPG). Programming adjustments to the <a href="/facts/Pulse_generator/cjUXG8NV">pulse generator</a> are frequently made by the treating <a href="/facts/Neurologist/TXYEMSYI">neurologist</a> based on what the patient is doing and the medication they take over time to optimize the patient's symptoms. However, it can lead to side effects. aDBS and differs from conventional DBS systems (that provide constant stimulation) in that it can both sense the brain activity and deliver the appropriate stimulation in real time. Of note, in the early days of <a href="/facts/Deep_brain_stimulation/STmkEI2M">deep brain stimulation</a>, closed loop applications were carried out by multiple pioneers, such as <a href="/facts/Jos%25C3%25A9_Manuel_Rodr%25C3%25ADguez_Delgado/S1trf3PV">José Delgado</a>, <a href="/facts/Robert_Galbraith_Heath/FpudLG88">Robert Heath</a>, <a href="/facts/Natalia_Bekhtereva/T78jCESd">Natalia Bechtereva</a> and Carl Wilhelm Sem-Jacobsen long before the advent of 'modern' DBS. Perhaps the earliest closed-loop experiment in an animal model was performed by Delgado and colleagues in 1969. In the modern era of DBS following the introduction of the method by <a href="/facts/Alim_Louis_Benabid/UTfuzYka">Alim Louis Benabid</a>, after a demonstration of efficacy of aDBS in the macaque by the team of <a href="/facts/Hagai_Bergman/A0wpVzme">Hagai Bergman</a> in 2011, the first in-human application of aDBS was carried out by the team of Peter Brown in 2013, followed by the team of <a href="/facts/Alberto_Priori/4nQQSVNz">Alberto Priori</a> in the same year. </p>