European Union Association Agreement

A European Union Association Agreement or simply Association Agreement (AA) is a treaty between the <a href="/facts/European_Union/6GYcR8qM">European Union</a> (EU, or its predecessors), its <a href="/facts/Member_States_of_the_European_Union/hsFC1pJH">Member States</a> and a non-EU country or bloc of countries that governs bilateral relations. Areas frequently covered by such agreements include the development of political, trade, social, cultural and security links. The provision for an association agreement was included in the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Rome/JVG01BHk">Treaty of Rome</a>, which established the <a href="/facts/European_Economic_Community/tx2V9KAQ">European Economic Community</a>, as a means to enable co-operation of the Community with the United Kingdom, which had retreated from the treaty negotiations at the <a href="/facts/Messina_Conference/4w88hoaR">Messina Conference</a> of 1955. According to the <a href="/facts/European_External_Action_Service/JNI3UXAP">European External Action Service</a>, for an agreement to be classified as an AA, it must meet several criteria:

1. The legal basis for [association agreements'] conclusion is Article 217 TFEU (former art. 310 and art. 238 TEC)
2. Intention to establish close economic and political cooperation (more than simple cooperation);
3. Creation of paritary bodies for the management of the cooperation, competent to take decisions that bind the contracting parties;
4. Offering <a href="/facts/Most_favoured_nation/2zuqVbYL">most favoured nation</a> treatment;
5. Providing for a privileged relationship between the EC and its partner;
6. Since 1995 the clause on the respect of human rights and democratic principles is systematically included and constitutes an essential element of the agreement;
7. In a large number of cases, the association agreement replaces a cooperation agreement thereby intensifying the relations between the partners.

— European External Action Service
The EU typically concludes Association Agreements in exchange for commitments to political, economic, trade, or human rights reform in a country. In exchange, the country may be offered <a href="/facts/Tariff/NCluKCm2">tariff</a>-free access to some or all EU markets (industrial goods, agricultural products, etc.), and financial or technical assistance. Most recently signed AAs also include a <a href="/facts/Free_Trade_Agreement/uuwrnR3v">Free Trade Agreement</a> (FTA) between the EU and the external party.
Association Agreements have to be accepted by the European Union and need to be <a href="/facts/Ratification/q3EKpQc6">ratified</a> by all the <a href="/facts/Member_state_of_the_European_Union/hsFC1pJH">EU member states</a> and the state concerned.

European Union Association Agreement open-in-new

European Union Association Agreement