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Reference.org
Research Institute for Development
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<p>The French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development, or <i>Institut de Recherche pour le Développement</i> (IRD), is a French science and technology establishment under the joint supervision of the French Ministries of <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Higher_Education_and_Research/KHIwMxnq">Higher Education and Research</a> and <a href="/facts/Ministry_of_Foreign_Affairs_and_International_Development_(France)/dI9Sk9Fz">Foreign Affairs</a>. It operates internationally from its headquarters in <a href="/facts/Marseille/kj7te1HG">Marseille</a>, and two metropolitan centres of <a href="/facts/Montpellier/jz011snV">Montpellier</a> and <a href="/facts/Bondy/kmAgt7UV">Bondy</a>. It was created as the <i>Office de la recherche scientifique et technique outre-mer</i> or ORSTOM (Overseas Scientific and Technical Research Office) in 1943. </p>