Italian irredentism

Italian irredentism was a <a href="/facts/Political_movement/UQyJz4eY">political movement</a> during the late 19th and early 20th centuries in <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Italy/X5hxYBvF">Italy</a> with <a href="/facts/Irredentism/f2pPV9WG">irredentist</a> goals which promoted the <a href="/facts/Unification_of_Italy/B1x6mLbU">unification</a> of geographic areas in which <a href="/facts/Indigenous_peoples/zyzBMXBS">indigenous peoples</a> were considered to be <a href="/facts/Italians/dsdUeJ1n">ethnic Italians</a>. At the beginning, the movement promoted the annexation to Italy of territories where Italians formed the absolute majority of the population, but retained by the <a href="/facts/Austrian_Empire/AnAU9bdG">Austrian Empire</a> after the <a href="/facts/Third_Italian_War_of_Independence/KFSSMKbX">Third Italian War of Independence</a> in 1866. 
Even after the <a href="/facts/Capture_of_Rome/TvMpRd3V">Capture of Rome</a> (1871), the final event of the unification of Italy, many ethnic Italian speakers (<a href="/facts/Trentino-Alto_Adige/S%C3%BCdtirol/IxxpM1X0">Trentino-Alto Adigan</a> Italians, <a href="/facts/Savoyard_Italians/V47nz1Xe">Savoyard Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Corfiot_Italians/90DhSlpL">Corfiot Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Ni%C3%A7ard_Italians/CQndtN2s">Niçard Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Swiss_Italians/3ecWX2K6">Swiss Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Corsican_Italians/2YubENk2">Corsican Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Maltese_Italians/tcEHASuz">Maltese Italians</a>, <a href="/facts/Istrian_Italians/YLS6KmQF">Istrian Italians</a> and <a href="/facts/Dalmatian_Italians/xdEBcV12">Dalmatian Italians</a>) remained outside the borders of the Kingdom of Italy and this situation created the Italian irredentism. During <a href="/facts/World_War_I/vITTUanQ">World War I</a> the main "irredent lands" (terre irredente) were considered to be the provinces of <a href="/facts/Trento/BTPFn2p9">Trento</a> and <a href="/facts/Trieste/I6eRqWpA">Trieste</a> and, in a narrow sense, irredentists referred to the Italian patriots living in these two areas. 
Italian irredentism was not a formal organization but rather an opinion movement, advocated by several different groups, claiming that Italy had to reach its "<a href="/facts/Italy_(geographical_region)/WoDX0QBM">natural borders</a>" or unify territories inhabited by Italians. Similar nationalistic ideas were common in <a href="/facts/Europe/DTAtrKfh">Europe</a> in the late 19th century. The term "irredentism", coined from the Italian word, came into use in many countries (see <a href="/facts/List_of_irredentist_claims_or_disputes/XWUVb2yT">List of irredentist claims or disputes</a>). This idea of Italia irredenta is not to be confused with the <a href="/facts/Risorgimento/B1x6mLbU">Risorgimento</a>, the historical events that led to irredentism, nor with nationalism or <a href="/facts/Italian_imperialism_under_Fascism/fvcuyIvc">Imperial Italy</a>, the political philosophy that took the idea further under <a href="/facts/Italian_Fascism/xkN6bT7a">fascism</a>. 
The term was later expanded to also include multilingual and multiethnic areas, where Italians were a relative majority or a substantial minority, within the northern Italian region encompassed by the Alps, with <a href="/facts/Germans/F7mBCrJ4">German</a>, <a href="/facts/Italians/dsdUeJ1n">Italian</a>, <a href="/facts/Slovenes/nQphKLCK">Slovene</a>, <a href="/facts/Croats/pxr26XCP">Croatian</a>, <a href="/facts/Ladin_people/wsjSlETc">Ladin</a> and <a href="/facts/Istro-Romanians/G73vlUnG">Istro-Romanian</a> population, such as <a href="/facts/South_Tyrol/KRMwFeWs">South Tyrol</a>, <a href="/facts/Istria/eRrGTECc">Istria</a>, <a href="/facts/Gorizia_and_Gradisca/6E5Sgp3T">Gorizia and Gradisca</a> and part of <a href="/facts/Dalmatia/nstFC7cc">Dalmatia</a>. The claims were further extended also to the city of <a href="/facts/Rijeka/6WS5rse2">Fiume</a>, <a href="/facts/Corsica/6xJ6aREr">Corsica</a>, the island of <a href="/facts/Malta/FsqM3M37">Malta</a>, the <a href="/facts/County_of_Nice/y2AgIsV2">County of Nice</a> and <a href="/facts/Italian_Switzerland/RKXB3lx3">Italian Switzerland</a>.
After the end of World War I, the Italian irredentist movement was hegemonised, manipulated and distorted by fascism, which made it an instrument of nationalist propaganda, placed at the center of a policy, conditioned by belated imperial ambitions, which took the form of "forced <a href="/facts/Italianization/HfcXEwFf">Italianizations</a>", in the aspiration for the birth of a Great Italy and a vast <a href="/facts/Italian_Empire/r4YACWVX">Italian Empire</a>. After World War II, Italian irredentism disappeared along with the defeated Fascists and the Monarchy of the <a href="/facts/House_of_Savoy/nMg58jKR">House of Savoy</a>. After the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Peace_with_Italy,_1947/VhPSvUNc">Treaty of Paris</a> (1947) and the <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_Osimo/4wAxulCR">Treaty of Osimo</a> (1975), all territorial claims were abandoned by the <a href="/facts/Italian_Republic/tUf0PDYF">Italian Republic</a> (see <a href="/facts/Foreign_relations_of_Italy/rPnssQEC">Foreign relations of Italy</a>). The Italian irredentist movement thus vanished from Italian politics.

Italian irredentism open-in-new

Italian irredentism