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Reference.org
Flat-panel display
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<p>A flat-panel display (FPD) is an <a href="/facts/Electronic_visual_display/fA0mUcIQ">electronic display</a> used to <a href="/facts/Display_device/yX1Mypk0">display</a> visual content such as text or images. It is present in consumer, medical, transportation, and industrial equipment. </p><p>Flat-panel displays are thin, lightweight, provide better linearity and are capable of higher resolution than typical consumer-grade TVs from earlier eras. They are usually less than 10 centimetres (3.9 in) thick. While the highest resolution for consumer-grade <a href="/facts/Cathode-ray_tube/8NVGx5C7">CRT</a> <a href="/facts/Television/X4YG5nT1">televisions</a> was <a href="/facts/1080i/0jhp3TNV">1080i</a>, many interactive flat panels in the 2020s are capable of 1080p and <a href="/facts/4K_UHD/Ehhhg0rD">4K</a> resolution. </p><p>In the 2010s, portable consumer electronics such as laptops, mobile phones, and portable cameras have used flat-panel displays since they consume less power and are lightweight. As of 2016, flat-panel displays have almost completely replaced CRT displays. </p><p>Most 2010s-era flat-panel displays use <a href="/facts/LCD/8B6xGBEz">LCD</a> or <a href="/facts/Light-emitting_diode/gE8x4MDb">light-emitting diode</a> (LED) technologies, sometimes combined. Most LCD screens are <a href="/facts/Backlight/sDbctXaA">back-lit</a> with color filters used to display colors. In many cases, flat-panel displays are combined with <a href="/facts/Touch_screen/zpSKDFpe">touch screen</a> technology, which allows the user to interact with the display in a natural manner. For example, modern smartphone displays often use <a href="/facts/OLED/219L1aMJ">OLED</a> panels, with <a href="/facts/Capacitive_touch_screen/zpSKDFpe">capacitive touch screens</a>. </p><p>Flat-panel displays can be divided into two display device categories: volatile and static. The former requires that pixels be periodically electronically refreshed to retain their state (e.g. <a href="/facts/Liquid-crystal_display/8B6xGBEz">liquid-crystal displays</a> (LCD)), and can only show an image when it has power. On the other hand, static flat-panel displays rely on materials whose color states are bistable, such as displays that make use of <a href="/facts/E-ink/b3JWSLz9">e-ink technology</a>, and as such retain content even when power is removed. </p>