List of fastest computers

<p>
This is a historical list of fastest computers and includes <a href="/facts/Computer/SQe1aK05">computers</a> and <a href="/facts/Supercomputer/HT9NwGAN">supercomputers</a> which were considered the fastest in the world at the time they were built.
</p>
<table><tbody><tr><th>Year</th><th>Country of site</th><th>Site</th><th>Vendor / builder</th><th>Computer</th><th colspan="2">Performance[a]</th><th>R</th></tr><tr><td>1938</td><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/Nazi_Germany/8kRbqRpo">Germany</a></td><td rowspan="3">Personal research and development<a href="/facts/Berlin/pMTIRNXK">Berlin</a>, Germany</td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Konrad_Zuse/yrvbaEg3">Konrad Zuse</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Z1_(computer)/LDe34zlW">Z1</a></td><td>1.00</td><td><a href="/facts/Instructions_per_second/N23PAFGV">IPS</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1940</td><td><a href="/facts/Z2_(computer)/fmrzzY6I">Z2</a></td><td>1.25</td><td>IPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1941</td><td><a href="/facts/Z3_(computer)/JNPXGqDp">Z3</a></td><td>20.00</td><td>IPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1944</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Bletchley_Park/ID0B04WB">Bletchley Park</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tommy_Flowers/0NDMVlNN">Tommy Flowers</a> and his team,<a href="/facts/Post_Office_Research_Station/yobqyNLL">Post Office Research Station</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Colossus_computer/pbkHLPwp">Colossus</a></td><td>5.00</td><td><a href="/facts/Instructions_per_second/N23PAFGV">kIPS</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1945</td><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Pennsylvania/LBBBULox">University of Pennsylvania</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Moore_School_of_Electrical_Engineering/TIM8dL7m">Moore School of Electrical Engineering</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ENIAC/EcfmM1Y0">ENIAC</a></td><td>5.00</td><td><a href="/facts/Kilo-/akxTdXyp">k</a>IPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1951</td><td><a href="/facts/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology/Xk49vNA8">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/MIT_Servomechanisms_Laboratory/VLPkMpp8">MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Whirlwind_I/IbG8pxYt">Whirlwind I</a></td><td>20.00</td><td>kIPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1958</td><td><a href="/facts/McGuire_Air_Force_Base/auuDpz59">McGuire Air Force Base</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/AN%2fFSQ-7_Combat_Direction_Central/5kS3IRb0">AN/FSQ-7</a></td><td>75.00</td><td>kIPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">1960</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_Scientific_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IBM_7090/RpY2uI1k">7090</a></td><td>229.00</td><td>kIPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Remington_Rand/hR7affaj">Remington Rand</a>'s <a href="/facts/UNIVAC/FhJlhtva">UNIVAC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/UNIVAC_LARC/qdqLSEgt">LARC</a></td><td>250.00</td><td>kIPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1961</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_Scientific_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IBM_7030_Stretch/V8SdUp00">7030 Stretch</a></td><td>1.20</td><td><a href="/facts/Instructions_per_second/N23PAFGV">MIPS</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td>1962</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Victoria_University_of_Manchester/foAk3n6c">University of Manchester</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Victoria_University_of_Manchester/foAk3n6c">University of Manchester</a>,<a href="/facts/Ferranti/UA1e5VBN">Ferranti International</a>, and <a href="/facts/Plessey/JM0dv46r">Plessey Co.</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atlas_(computer)/zz48u0jp">Atlas</a></td><td>1.00</td><td><a href="/facts/Mega-/rk32jTkD">M</a><a href="/facts/FLOPS/6zYlH68F">FLOPS</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1964</td><td rowspan="4"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore</a> and <a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Control_Data_Corporation/ChfGgfPM">CDC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CDC_6600/QpnT1Ltl">6600</a></td><td>3.00</td><td>MFLOPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1969</td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CDC_7600/Rgu6spkG">7600</a></td><td>36.00</td><td>MFLOPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1974</td><td><a href="/facts/CDC_STAR-100/tH5kopJY">STAR-100</a></td><td>100.00</td><td>MFLOPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1976</td><td><a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_Scientific_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">Cray</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray-1/4afuzp0D">Cray-1</a></td><td>160.00</td><td>MFLOPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1980</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom/kuPAILt2">United Kingdom</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Met_Office/V0reszST">Meteorological Office, Bracknell</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Control_Data_Corporation/ChfGgfPM">CDC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/CDC_Cyber/04hxKmJw">Cyber 205</a></td><td>400.00</td><td>MFLOPS</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1983</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Security_Agency/Sg6MGV1o">National Security Agency</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">Cray</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray_X-MP/BmPqwbta">X-MP/4</a></td><td>713.00</td><td>MFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td>1985</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">Cray</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray-2/bljhxYCT">Cray-2</a></td><td>1.41</td><td><a href="/facts/Giga-/vdrYKueB">G</a>FLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1988</td><td><a href="/facts/Ames_Research_Center/DQUsdLam">NASA Ames Research Center</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray_Y-MP/CrAr81uB">Y-MP/832</a></td><td>2.14</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1990</td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fuji_Heavy_Industries/hXjAbhnh">Fuji Heavy Industries</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fujitsu/6e5gvNSa">Fujitsu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fujitsu_VP2000/NCC89Ttm">VP2600/10</a></td><td>4.00</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>1992</td><td> <a href="/facts/Canada/cWWFM8oc">Canada</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Atmospheric_Environment_Service/AzALkn5W">Atmospheric Environment Service</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NEC/YnlUsMBA">NEC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NEC_SX/fkSpxKPk">SX-3/44</a></td><td>20.00</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">1993</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Thinking_Machines_Corporation/t1fQ0tRt">Thinking Machines</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Connection_Machine/wxUPNe4r">CM-5/1024</a></td><td>59.70</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan/3UXqtcx3">National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fujitsu/6e5gvNSa">Fujitsu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Numerical_Wind_Tunnel/DMP7Uyc6">Numerical Wind Tunnel</a></td><td>124.20</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">1994</td><td> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sandia_National_Laboratories/LYsKDj45">Sandia National Laboratories</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intel/SMF0gJJX">Intel</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intel_Paragon/cYmqwy7P">Paragon XP/S 140</a></td><td>143.40</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Aerospace_Laboratory_of_Japan/3UXqtcx3">National Aerospace Laboratory of Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fujitsu/6e5gvNSa">Fujitsu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Numerical_Wind_Tunnel/DMP7Uyc6">Numerical Wind Tunnel</a></td><td>170.00</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">1996</td><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Tokyo/Td0xnQDF">University of Tokyo</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Hitachi/KeK38e82">Hitachi</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hitachi_SR2201/optW5t8j">SR2201</a></td><td>232.40</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/University_of_Tsukuba/1nyEEW8G">University of Tsukuba</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Hitachi_SR2201/optW5t8j">CP-PACS</a></td><td>368.20</td><td>GFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td>1997</td><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sandia_National_Laboratories/LYsKDj45">Sandia National Laboratories</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Intel/SMF0gJJX">Intel</a></td><td><a href="/facts/ASCI_Red/4vP9Hmko">ASCI Red</a></td><td>1.06</td><td><a href="/facts/Tera-/qWTDFAI1">T</a>FLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/ASCI_White/QE544AFs">ASCI White</a></td><td>4.93</td><td>TFLOPS*</td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>2001</td><td>7.20</td><td>TFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td>2002</td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Japan_Agency_for_Marine-Earth_Science_and_Technology/4L1xT0er">JAMSTEC Earth Simulator Center</a></td><td><a href="/facts/NEC/YnlUsMBA">NEC</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Earth_Simulator/IubTAf0e">Earth Simulator</a></td><td>35.86</td><td>TFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2004</td><td rowspan="4"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/IBM_Blue_Gene/y4EvbyS4">Blue Gene/L</a></td><td>70.72</td><td>TFLOPS*</td><td rowspan="4"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2005</td><td>136.80</td><td>TFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td>280.60</td><td>TFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td>2007</td><td>478.20</td><td>TFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2008</td><td rowspan="3"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Los_Alamos_National_Laboratory/tlrLkV7r">Los Alamos National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Roadrunner_(supercomputer)/tXDaFkQM">Roadrunner</a></td><td>1.02</td><td><a href="/facts/Peta-/cQshGtGA">P</a>FLOPS*</td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>1.10</td><td>PFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td>2009</td><td><a href="/facts/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory/Elq84HKF">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">Cray</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Jaguar_(supercomputer)/zytwRNcV">Jaguar</a></td><td>1.75</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2010</td><td> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Supercomputing_Center_of_Tianjin/LV8Nkxn7">National Supercomputing Center of Tianjin</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_University_of_Defense_Technology/zKVDyrYQ">National University of Defense Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tianhe-1/ut9prMJt">Tianhe-1A</a></td><td>2.57</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2011</td><td> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Riken/dbVUF6zN">RIKEN Advanced Institute for Computational Science</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Fujitsu/6e5gvNSa">Fujitsu</a></td><td><a href="/facts/K_computer/x1lBCwTT">K computer</a></td><td>10.51</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2012</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Sequoia_(supercomputer)/ToKXt78K">Sequoia</a> (<a href="/facts/IBM_Blue_Gene/y4EvbyS4">Blue Gene/Q</a>)</td><td>16.32</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory/Elq84HKF">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">Cray</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Titan_(supercomputer)/vUYqR0yv">Titan</a></td><td>17.59</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2013</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_Supercomputer_Center_in_Guangzhou/kycLmQu3">National Supercomputing Center of Guangzhou</a></td><td><a href="/facts/National_University_of_Defense_Technology/zKVDyrYQ">National University of Defense Technology</a></td><td><a href="/facts/Tianhe-2/SwTCG6Hp">Tianhe-2</a></td><td>33.86</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2016</td><td><a href="/facts/National_Supercomputing_Center_in_Wuxi/0aoxX8F7">National Supercomputing Center of Wuxi</a></td><td>NRCPC</td><td><a href="/facts/Sunway_TaihuLight/7TLEatpK">Sunway TaihuLight</a></td><td>93.01</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2018</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory/Elq84HKF">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/IBM/QszA7nwd">IBM</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Summit_(supercomputer)/BmKWTpEk">Summit</a></td><td>122.30</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td>2019</td><td>148.60</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2020</td><td rowspan="2"> <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Riken/dbVUF6zN">RIKEN Center for Computational Science</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Fujitsu/6e5gvNSa">Fujitsu</a></td><td rowspan="2"><a href="/facts/Fugaku_(supercomputer)/jmuyc2sW">Fugaku</a></td><td>415.53</td><td>PFLOPS*</td><td rowspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td>442.01</td><td>PFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td colspan="8"></td></tr><tr><td>2022</td><td rowspan="4"> <a href="/facts/United_States/P0sCdLe5">United States</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Oak_Ridge_National_Laboratory/Elq84HKF">Oak Ridge National Laboratory</a></td><td rowspan="4"><a href="/facts/Cray/coAlupuy">HPE Cray</a></td><td rowspan="3"><a href="/facts/Frontier_(supercomputer)/NTUlSjry">Frontier</a></td><td>1.102</td><td><a href="/facts/Exa-/x8wY9T75">E</a>FLOPS*</td><td rowspan="3"></td></tr><tr><td>2023</td><td>1.194</td><td>EFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2">2024</td><td>1.206</td><td>EFLOPS*</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/facts/Lawrence_Livermore_National_Laboratory/WuXIbIKz">Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory</a></td><td><a href="/facts/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)/hQTdofIV">El Capitan</a></td><td>1.742</td><td>EFLOPS*</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table>
<p>a. ^  An asterisk (*) denotes <i>Rmax</i> – the highest score measured using the <a href="/facts/LINPACK_benchmarks/2jq30I8o">LINPACK benchmarks</a> suite.
</p>

List of fastest computers open-in-new

List of fastest computers