Objectivism

Objectivism is a <a href="/facts/Philosophical_system/hJzjtK5p">philosophical system</a> named and developed by <a href="/facts/Russian_Americans/PHUDYhRP">Russian-American</a> writer and philosopher <a href="/facts/Ayn_Rand/MjuSIIng">Ayn Rand</a>. She described it as "the concept of man as a heroic being, with his own happiness as the moral purpose of his life, with productive achievement as his noblest activity, and reason as his only absolute".
Rand first expressed Objectivism in her fiction, most notably <a href="/facts/The_Fountainhead/c9pb5Azp">The Fountainhead</a> (1943) and <a href="/facts/Atlas_Shrugged/KktfKfYk">Atlas Shrugged</a> (1957), and later in non-fiction essays and books. <a href="/facts/Leonard_Peikoff/rebWAxmn">Leonard Peikoff</a>, a professional philosopher and Rand's designated intellectual heir, later gave it a more formal structure. Peikoff characterizes Objectivism as a "closed system" insofar as its "fundamental principles" were set out by Rand and are not subject to change. However, he stated that "new implications, applications and integrations can always be discovered".
Objectivism's main tenets are that <a href="/facts/Reality/oC1xokDB">reality</a> exists independently of <a href="/facts/Consciousness/IAxmgt6c">consciousness</a>, that human beings have direct contact with reality through sense perception (see <a href="/facts/Direct_and_indirect_realism/HATDapRA">direct and indirect realism</a>), that one can attain objective knowledge from perception through the process of <a href="/facts/Concept/VWB6yhQp">concept</a> formation and <a href="/facts/Inductive_logic/EJ992JJ9">inductive logic</a>, that the proper <a href="/facts/Morality/CSjHHvff">moral</a> purpose of one's life is the pursuit of one's own happiness (see <a href="/facts/Rational_egoism/n8DE7aLP">rational egoism</a>), that the only <a href="/facts/Social_system/crIBHftt">social system</a> consistent with this morality is one that displays full respect for <a href="/facts/Individual_and_group_rights/61eTJH1B">individual rights</a> embodied in <a href="/facts/Laissez-faire/euKoqFk7">laissez-faire</a> <a href="/facts/Capitalism/FbPc6TTw">capitalism</a>, and that the role of <a href="/facts/Art/ILbnQHHb">art</a> in human life is to transform humans' <a href="/facts/Metaphysics/fSFt6SHe">metaphysical</a> ideas by selective reproduction of reality into a physical form—a work of art—that one can comprehend and to which one can respond emotionally.
Academic philosophers have generally paid little attention to or dismissed Rand's philosophy, although a smaller number of academics do support it. Nonetheless, Objectivism has been a persistent influence among <a href="/facts/Right-libertarianism/LV2Tlgsa">right-libertarians</a> and <a href="/facts/Conservatism_in_the_United_States/ye90yMMJ">American conservatives</a>. The <a href="/facts/Objectivist_movement/JXAM0Pgy">Objectivist movement</a>, which Rand founded, attempts to spread her ideas to the public and in academic settings.

Objectivism open-in-new

Objectivism