Operation Flash

Operation Flash was a brief <a href="/facts/Croatian_Army/P4crhUkR">Croatian Army</a> (HV) offensive conducted against the forces of the self-declared <a href="/facts/Proto-state/p1fMfqMt">proto-state</a> <a href="/facts/Republic_of_Serbian_Krajina/hNrdNYG7">Republic of Serbian Krajina</a> (RSK) from 1–3 May 1995. The offensive occurred in the later stages of the <a href="/facts/Croatian_War_of_Independence/9DCpV8at">Croatian War of Independence</a> and was the first major confrontation after ceasefire and economic cooperation agreements were signed between Croatia and the RSK in 1994. The last organised RSK resistance formally ceased on 3 May, with the majority of troops surrendering the next day near <a href="/facts/Pakrac/7opGsef3">Pakrac</a>, although mop-up operations continued for another two weeks.
Operation Flash was a strategic victory for Croatia resulting in the liberation of a 558-square-kilometre (215 sq mi) salient held by RSK forces centred in and around the town of <a href="/facts/Oku%25C4%258Dani/YqorFw28">Okučani</a>. The town, which sat astride the <a href="/facts/A3_(Croatia)/P7mRuL6B">Zagreb–Belgrade motorway</a> and railroad, had presented Croatia with significant transport problems between the nation's capital <a href="/facts/Zagreb/KPf8bzLI">Zagreb</a> and the eastern region of <a href="/facts/Slavonia/MyLGgbGw">Slavonia</a> as well as between <a href="/facts/Geographic_contiguity/QElb4PDB">non-contiguous</a> territories held by the RSK. The area was a part of <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Confidence_Restoration_Operation/IB2roGWr">United Nations Confidence Restoration Operation</a> (UNCRO) Sector West under the <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Security_Council/ytwaz2e4">United Nations Security Council</a> <a href="/facts/Peacekeeping/bFrKlQY2">peacekeeping</a> mandate in Croatia. The attacking force consisted of 7,200 HV troops, supported by the <a href="/facts/Croatian_special_police_order_of_battle_in_1991%25E2%2580%259395/x9cg3zpx">Croatian special police</a>, arrayed against approximately 3,500 RSK soldiers. In response to the operation, the RSK military <a href="/facts/Zagreb_rocket_attacks/aUkRC3Mq">bombarded Zagreb</a> and other civilian centres, causing seven fatalities and injuries to 205.
Forty-two HV soldiers and <a href="/facts/Law_enforcement_in_Croatia/gs8nafCn">Croatian policemen</a> were killed in the operation and 162 wounded. RSK casualties are disputed—Croatian authorities cited the deaths of 188 Serb soldiers and civilians with an estimated 1,000–1,200 wounded. Serbian sources, on the other hand, claimed that 283 Serb civilians were killed, contrary to the 83 reported by the <a href="/facts/Croatian_Helsinki_Committee/wyzt4Eo8">Croatian Helsinki Committee</a>. It is estimated that out of 14,000 <a href="/facts/Serbs_of_Croatia/le76DLkD">Serbs</a> living in the region, two-thirds fled immediately with more following in subsequent weeks. By the end of June, it is estimated that only 1,500 Serbs remained. Subsequently, the personal representative of the <a href="/facts/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations/2nNU9WMu">Secretary-General of the United Nations</a> <a href="/facts/Yasushi_Akashi/PvE9cqcu">Yasushi Akashi</a> criticised Croatia for "mass violations" of human rights, but his statements were refuted by the <a href="/facts/Human_Rights_Watch/X265jj8r">Human Rights Watch</a> and to some extent by the <a href="/facts/United_Nations_Commission_on_Human_Rights/kgbrtvaF">United Nations Commission on Human Rights</a> rapporteur <a href="/facts/Tadeusz_Mazowiecki/ppuXrJN1">Tadeusz Mazowiecki</a>.

Operation Flash open-in-new

Operation Flash