Bile bear

Bile bears, sometimes called battery bears, are <a href="/facts/Ursidae/Y973Q4FP">bears</a> kept in captivity to harvest their <a href="/facts/Bile/D15BG2gq">bile</a>, a digestive fluid produced by the <a href="/facts/Liver/Rtp4Fk2b">liver</a> and stored in the <a href="/facts/Gallbladder/RPdkQzQM">gallbladder</a>, which is used by some <a href="/facts/Traditional_Asian_medicine/TAx1qP4P">traditional Asian medicine</a> practitioners. It is estimated that 12,000 bears are farmed for bile in <a href="/facts/China/lTjIXY5p">China</a>, <a href="/facts/South_Korea/pCobAaVw">South Korea</a>, <a href="/facts/Laos/S0afugjX">Laos</a>, <a href="/facts/Vietnam/0ulfA8Eq">Vietnam</a>, and <a href="/facts/Burma/zcqQH2oE">Myanmar</a>. Demand for the bile has been found in those nations as well as in some others, such as <a href="/facts/Malaysia/8zbUMzCP">Malaysia</a> and <a href="/facts/Japan/U5mz0SRT">Japan</a>.
The bear species most commonly farmed for bile is the <a href="/facts/Asiatic_black_bear/laDBVDDM">Asiatic black bear</a> (Ursus thibetanus), although the <a href="/facts/Sun_bear/METvMYQa">sun bear</a> (Helarctos malayanus), <a href="/facts/Brown_bear/tNpUFtFB">brown bear</a> (Ursus arctos) and every other East Asian bear species are also used (the only exception being the <a href="/facts/Giant_Panda/BMbbMGg7">giant panda</a> which does not produce <a href="/facts/Ursodeoxycholic_acid/855WSxHT">UDCA</a>). Both the Asiatic black bear and the sun bear are listed as <a href="/facts/Vulnerable_species/79WNk4Gj">Vulnerable</a> on the <a href="/facts/Red_List_of_Threatened_Animals/8gemqCLu">Red List of Threatened Animals</a> published by the <a href="/facts/International_Union_for_Conservation_of_Nature/QwV8JXup">International Union for Conservation of Nature</a>. Bile was historically collected through <a href="/facts/Bear_hunting/7Cl4Qxx3">bear hunting</a>, but <a href="/facts/Factory_farming/YabemH5u">factory farming</a> has become common since hunting was banned in the 1980s.
The bile can be harvested using several techniques, all of which require some degree of surgery, and may leave a permanent <a href="/facts/Fistula/xlRcRGCJ">fistula</a> or inserted catheter. A significant proportion of the bears die because of the stress of unskilled surgery or the infections which may occur.
Farmed bile bears are housed continuously in small cages which often prevent them from standing or sitting upright, or from turning around. These highly restrictive cage systems and the low level of skilled husbandry can lead to a wide range of welfare concerns including physical injuries, pain, severe mental stress and muscle atrophy. Some bears are caught as cubs and may be kept in these conditions for up to 30 years.
The value of the bear products trade is estimated as high as $2 billion. The practice of factory farming bears for bile has been extensively condemned by physicians both in China and abroad.

Bile bear open-in-new

Bile bear