Brass

Brass is an <a href="/facts/Alloy/I7w7WQWR">alloy</a> of <a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a> and <a href="/facts/Zinc/80b1qgk3">zinc</a>, in proportions which can be varied to achieve different colours and mechanical, electrical, acoustic and chemical properties, but copper typically has the larger proportion, generally 2⁄3 copper and 1⁄3 zinc. In use since prehistoric times, it is a <a href="/facts/Substitutional_alloy/I7w7WQWR">substitutional alloy</a>: atoms of the two constituents may replace each other within the same crystal structure.
Brass is similar to <a href="/facts/Bronze/YCYCVIKt">bronze</a>, a copper alloy that contains <a href="/facts/Tin/vxbbBgNz">tin</a> instead of zinc. Both bronze and brass may include small proportions of a range of other <a href="/facts/Chemical_element/0jducgWD">elements</a> including <a href="/facts/Arsenic/k1c4f44D">arsenic</a>, <a href="/facts/Lead/EYljasJN">lead</a>, <a href="/facts/Phosphorus/27xCeIqs">phosphorus</a>, <a href="/facts/Aluminium/7wmR8jYE">aluminium</a>, <a href="/facts/Manganese/j9ELd1TL">manganese</a> and <a href="/facts/Silicon/cgWx0hdr">silicon</a>. Historically, the distinction between the two alloys has been less consistent and clear, and increasingly museums use the more general term "<a href="/facts/List_of_copper_alloys/8m7XEQTW">copper alloy</a>".
Brass has long been a popular material for its bright gold-like appearance and is still used for <a href="/facts/Drawer_pull/KIqCLwKY">drawer pulls</a> and <a href="/facts/Door_handle/DMKRX3m7">doorknobs</a>. It has also been widely used to make sculpture and utensils because of its low melting point, high workability (both with hand tools and with modern <a href="/facts/Lathe/FjF9FYLR">turning</a> and <a href="/facts/Milling_(machining)/PVXTgNyz">milling</a> machines), durability, and <a href="/facts/Electrical_conductivity/akyCKvMy">electrical</a> and <a href="/facts/Thermal_conductivity/qWnSG3nQ">thermal conductivity</a>. Brasses with higher copper content are softer and more golden in colour; conversely those with less copper and thus more zinc are harder and more silvery in colour.
Brass is still commonly used in applications where corrosion resistance and low <a href="/facts/Friction/d0108Rpu">friction</a> are required, such as <a href="/facts/Padlock/P7J2NvNK">locks</a>, <a href="/facts/Hinge/rjgLmMKr">hinges</a>, <a href="/facts/Gear/9KVHRfUR">gears</a>, <a href="/facts/Bearing_(mechanical)/Tb8HmHWt">bearings</a>, <a href="/facts/Ammunition/ajd1wm1I">ammunition</a> casings, <a href="/facts/Zipper/VsTewMof">zippers</a>, <a href="/facts/Plumbing/rt4WXDXw">plumbing</a>, <a href="/facts/Hose_coupling/QAxYK1uU">hose couplings</a>, <a href="/facts/Valve/EwgqAwlJ">valves</a>, SCUBA regulators, and <a href="/facts/AC_power_plugs_and_sockets/938U5dTF">electrical plugs and sockets</a>. It is used extensively for <a href="/facts/Brass_instrument/UP94qM52">musical instruments</a> such as <a href="/facts/Horn_(instrument)/8NDBJsY1">horns</a> and <a href="/facts/Metallophone/r6xbHVLn">bells</a>. The composition of brass makes it a favorable substitute for copper in <a href="/facts/Costume_jewelry/QovDLAPb">costume jewelry</a> and <a href="/facts/Fashion_jewellery/QovDLAPb">fashion jewelry</a>, as it exhibits greater resistance to corrosion. Brass is not as hard as bronze and so is not suitable for most weapons and tools. Nor is it suitable for marine uses, because the zinc reacts with minerals in salt water, leaving porous copper behind; marine brass, with added tin, avoids this, as does bronze.
Brass is often used in situations in which it is important that <a href="/facts/Spark_(fire)/BwGFWEtJ">sparks</a> not be struck, such as in fittings and tools used near flammable or explosive materials.

Brass open-in-new

Brass