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Nottingham effect
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<p>In <a href="/facts/Condensed_matter_physics/EBVI5nmL">condensed matter physics</a>, the Nottingham effect is a surface cooling and heating mechanism that occurs during field and <a href="/facts/Thermionic_emission/3oujvv1U">thermionic electron emission</a>. The effect is named after physicist <a href="/facts/Wayne_B._Nottingham/VndAHPpC">Wayne B. Nottingham</a> who explained it in a commentary to 1940 experiments by Gertrude M. Fleming and Joseph E. Henderson. </p><p>The temperature at which electron emission goes from heating to cooling is called the Nottingham inversion temperature. </p>