TOP500

The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful non-<a href="/facts/Distributed_computing/o5nyhqTF">distributed computer</a> systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the <a href="/facts/Supercomputer/HT9NwGAN">supercomputers</a> twice a year. The first of these updates always coincides with the <a href="/facts/International_Supercomputing_Conference/9VYpFtoV">International Supercomputing Conference</a> in June, and the second is presented at the <a href="/facts/ACM%2fIEEE_Supercomputing_Conference/vtBfdQHj">ACM/IEEE Supercomputing Conference</a> in November. The project aims to provide a reliable basis for tracking and detecting trends in high-performance computing and bases rankings on <a href="/facts/HPL_(benchmark)/2jq30I8o">HPL benchmarks</a>, a portable implementation of the high-performance <a href="/facts/LINPACK_benchmarks/2jq30I8o">LINPACK benchmark</a> written in <a href="/facts/Fortran/m1KqjcMU">Fortran</a> for <a href="/facts/Distributed_memory/AxVfko1b">distributed-memory</a> computers.
The most recent edition of TOP500 was published in June 2025 as the 65th edition of TOP500, while the next edition of TOP500 will be published in November 2025 as the 66th edition of TOP500. As of June 2025, the United States' <a href="/facts/El_Capitan_(supercomputer)/hQTdofIV">El Capitan</a> is the most powerful supercomputer in the TOP500, reaching 1742 <a href="/facts/PetaFLOPS/6zYlH68F">petaFlops</a> (1.742 exaFlops) on the LINPACK benchmarks. As of 2025, the United States has by far the highest share of total computing power on the list (nearly 50%). As of 2025, the United States has the highest number of systems with 174 supercomputers; China is in second place with 46, and Germany is third at 43.
The 59th edition of TOP500, published in June 2022, was the first edition of TOP500 to feature only 64-bit supercomputers; as of June 2022, 32-bit supercomputers are no longer listed. The TOP500 list is compiled by <a href="/facts/Jack_Dongarra/xBWGdDT9">Jack Dongarra</a> of the <a href="/facts/University_of_Tennessee/V28AVeaU">University of Tennessee</a>, <a href="/facts/Knoxville%2c_Tennessee/TMrk0YGV">Knoxville</a>, Erich Strohmaier and Horst Simon of the <a href="/facts/National_Energy_Research_Scientific_Computing_Center/PQM6U4xU">National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center</a> (NERSC) and <a href="/facts/Lawrence_Berkeley_National_Laboratory/tvjPSwC9">Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory</a> (LBNL), and, until his death in 2014, <a href="/facts/Hans_Meuer/u80qDEJj">Hans Meuer</a> of the <a href="/facts/University_of_Mannheim/AGCwz77b">University of Mannheim</a>, <a href="/facts/Germany/paluuWBX">Germany</a>. The TOP500 project also includes lists such as <a href="/facts/Green500/7V9TFXld">Green500</a> (measuring energy efficiency) and <a href="/facts/HPCG_benchmark/JcuYKs14">HPCG</a> (measuring I/O bandwidth).

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TOP500