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Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line
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<p>Single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line (SHDSL) is a form of <a href="/facts/Symmetric_digital_subscriber_line/7YwchjIc">symmetric digital subscriber line</a> (SDSL), a data communications technology for equal transmit and receive (i.e. symmetric) data rate over <a href="/facts/Copper/I8PEE8oX">copper</a> <a href="/facts/Telephone_line/YdKUAka9">telephone lines</a>, faster than a conventional <a href="/facts/Voiceband/XTQ6l9zo">voiceband</a> <a href="/facts/Modem/9H0Xwtq0">modem</a> can provide. As opposed to other DSL technologies, SHDSL employs <a href="/facts/Trellis-coded_pulse-amplitude_modulation/oRAtQbRv">trellis-coded pulse-amplitude modulation</a> (TC-PAM). As a <a href="/facts/Baseband/yC0jJwbL">baseband</a> transmission scheme, TC-PAM operates at frequencies that include those used by the analog voice <a href="/facts/Plain_old_telephone_service/7uEc2wFY">plain old telephone service</a> (POTS). As such, a frequency splitter, or <a href="/facts/DSL_filter/1AzAy1eU">DSL filter</a>, cannot be used to allow a telephone line to be shared by both an SHDSL service and a POTS service at the same time. Support of symmetric data rates made SHDSL a popular choice by businesses for <a href="/facts/Private_branch_exchange/eLWvlhzs">private branch exchange</a> (PBX), <a href="/facts/Virtual_private_network/HX1WUQ3E">virtual private network</a> (VPN), <a href="/facts/Web_hosting/sDHN29ve">web hosting</a> and other data services. </p><p>SHDSL features symmetrical <a href="/facts/Data_rates/MX5a58TH">data rates</a> in both the <a href="/facts/Upstream_(networking)/PtHgaPtx">upstream</a> and <a href="/facts/Downstream_(networking)/n9EHXVSN">downstream</a> directions, from 192 kbit/s to 2,312 kbit/s of <a href="/facts/Payload_(computing)/zN2Pgfq6">payload</a> in 8 kbit/s increments for one pair and 384 kbit/s to 4,624 kbit/s in 16 kbit/s increments for two pairs of wires. The reach varies according to the <a href="/facts/Local_loop/rSRfLPaq">loop</a> <a href="/facts/Line_rate/ppUNMmVd">rate</a> and <a href="/facts/Noise/aUstHDqU">noise</a> conditions (more noise or higher rate means decreased reach) and may be up to 3,000 meters. The two pair feature may alternatively be used for increased reach applications by keeping the data rate low. Halving the data rate per pair will provide similar speeds to single pair lines while increasing the error/noise tolerance. </p><p>With the 32-TC-PAM modulation scheme described in Annexes F and G, symmetric data rates of up to 5,696 kbit/s are permitted on one pair in the optional extended SHDSL mode. Up to four pairs of wires may be bonded using M-pair bonding to produce data rates as high as M5,696 kbit/s. By using four bonded wire pairs, a single SHDSL interface can transmit up to 22,784 kbit/s. </p><p>The SHDSL payload may be either 'clear channel' (unstructured), <a href="/facts/T-carrier/tCsEdK72">T1</a> or <a href="/facts/E-carrier/h0MXcgXN">E1</a> (full rate or fractional), multiple <a href="/facts/ISDN/zcV99rUb">ISDN</a> <a href="/facts/Basic_Rate_Interface/JAynT4Td">Basic Rate Interface</a> (BRI), <a href="/facts/Asynchronous_Transfer_Mode/SzA8ewFL">Asynchronous Transfer Mode</a> (ATM) cells or <a href="/facts/Ethernet/nMfhU8tU">Ethernet</a> packets. A 'dual bearer' mode allows a mixture of two separate streams (e.g. T1 and ATM) to share the SHDSL bandwidth. </p>