Copy Control

Copy Control was the generic name of a <a href="/facts/Copy_prevention/kJLMvTU5">copy prevention</a> system, used from 2001 until 2006 on several digital audio disc releases by <a href="/facts/EMI_Group/MxDTCNeq">EMI Group</a> and <a href="/facts/Sony_BMG_Music_Entertainment/ppgz8esd">Sony BMG Music Entertainment</a> in several regions (Europe, Canada, United States, and Australia). It should not be confused with the CopyControl computer software copy protection system introduced by <a href="/facts/Microcosm_Ltd/GsnXJax8">Microcosm Ltd</a> in 1989.
Several types of protection existed. While basically intended as a means of copy-protecting <a href="/facts/Compact_Disc/g51GRloc">compact discs</a>, Copy Control discs cannot properly be referred to as CDs because the system introduces incompatible data, making the discs non-compliant with the <a href="/facts/Red_Book_(audio_CD_standard)/FDMqNLw5">Red Book</a> standard for audio CDs. The system is intended to prevent <a href="/facts/CD_ripper/kCTAbNj2">digital audio extraction</a> ("ripping") from the protected discs, and thus limit the <a href="/facts/File_sharing/7GISy0GJ">file sharing</a> of ripped music. The techniques used are:

<ul><li>Multisession (<a href="/facts/Blue_Book_specification/BQYtCBSx">Blue Book</a>) information is included which effectively hides the audio tracks from most <a href="/facts/CD-ROM/JwuaYLJv">CD-ROM</a> drives;</li>
<li><a href="/facts/Cross-interleaved_Reed-Solomon_coding/zJopfY8X">Error-correction</a> codes for the audio data are corrupted, which may introduce audible errors to ripped copies.</li>
<li>The data area of the disc usually includes <a href="/facts/Digital_rights_management/4AF8JmDt">DRM</a>-restricted copies of the audio content, for which a player only exists on the dominant PC <a href="/facts/Operating_system/8XTuvMh2">operating system</a>, <a href="/facts/Microsoft_Windows/bwhAhuSL">Microsoft Windows</a>.</li></ul>
In the Netherlands, the record labels Sony and Universal experimented with copy control until 2004. <a href="/facts/EMI/MxDTCNeq">EMI</a> kept using it until June 2006, when they dropped it.
In the United States, <a href="/facts/Universal_Music_Group/VufxcUef">Universal Music Group</a> experimented with copy control on a few soundtracks in 2001 and 2002, but abandoned it afterwards; <a href="/facts/Warner_Music_Group/r0x3FlQE">Warner Music Group</a> has only used it in Europe on such releases as <a href="/facts/Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers/6XYMjJm1">Red Hot Chili Peppers</a>' <a href="/facts/Greatest_Hits_(Red_Hot_Chili_Peppers_album)/vzlkQkUj">Greatest Hits</a> and <a href="/facts/Madonna/kHDBUtL7">Madonna</a>'s <a href="/facts/Music_(Madonna_album)/Q0fpoQSB">Music</a>. As of September 2006, <a href="/facts/Cactus_Data_Shield/hbx7SufA">Cactus Data Shield</a>, the <a href="/facts/Macrovision/cxIq83yf">Macrovision</a> technology behind Copy Control, is no longer listed as a product on Macrovision's website and has completely been abandoned in countries such as Australia.
A December 2006 issue of <a href="/facts/Billboard_(magazine)/CVruQGq5">Billboard magazine</a> announced that EMI had decided to abandon Copy Control worldwide. Until then, it had been unclear whether EMI had completely abandoned it, as there was no press release.

Copy Control open-in-new

Copy Control