Project Darkstar is a discontinued open source framework for MMOG development, written in Java and deployed as game engine middleware. Project Darkstar began as a personal project of Jeff Kesselman in 1999, later becoming a research project at Sun Microsystems, aimed to "help developers and operators avoid a range of serious, yet typical, problems associated with massive scale online games, virtual worlds, and social networking applications today, including zone overloading, data corruption, and server underutilization."