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Reference.org
Leucine zipper
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<p>A leucine zipper (or leucine scissors) is a common three-dimensional <a href="/facts/Structural_motif/g8EBDBGW">structural motif</a> in proteins. They were first described by Landschulz and collaborators in 1988 when they found that an enhancer <a href="/facts/Binding_protein/aUF9df1P">binding protein</a> had a very characteristic 30-amino acid segment and the display of these <a href="/facts/Amino_acid_sequence/QNBoERdu">amino acid sequences</a> on an idealized <a href="/facts/Alpha_helix/7CESPIYJ">alpha helix</a> revealed a periodic repetition of <a href="/facts/Leucine/X7YrkvA5">leucine</a> residues at every seventh position over a distance covering eight helical turns. The polypeptide segments containing these periodic arrays of leucine residues were proposed to exist in an alpha-helical conformation and the leucine <a href="/facts/Side_chain/Lw8KPAXn">side chains</a> from one alpha helix interdigitate with those from the alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. </p><p>Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the <a href="/facts/BZIP_domain/snj608l0">bZIP</a> (Basic-region leucine zipper) class of <a href="/facts/Eukaryotic/SkwyPLMA">eukaryotic</a> <a href="/facts/Transcription_factor/wro0DPHe">transcription factors</a>. The bZIP domain is 60 to 80 <a href="/facts/Amino_acid/WDxYwBny">amino acids</a> in length with a highly conserved <a href="/facts/DNA/nB89Iauz">DNA</a> binding basic region and a more diversified leucine zipper dimerization region. The localization of the leucines are critical for the DNA binding to the proteins. Leucine zippers are present in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic regulatory proteins, but are mainly a feature of eukaryotes. They can also be annotated simply as ZIPs, and ZIP-like motifs have been found in proteins other than transcription factors and are thought to be one of the general protein modules for <a href="/facts/Protein%E2%80%93protein_interaction/etvm9Wmg">protein–protein interactions</a>. </p>