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Reference.org
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
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<p>Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography, percutaneous hepatic cholangiogram (PTHC) is a radiological technique used to visualize the <a href="/facts/Anatomy/p8TCWJuV">anatomy</a> of the <a href="/facts/Biliary_tract/NJPQ5oy4">biliary tract</a>. A <a href="/facts/Contrast_medium/uVoPWL7Q">contrast medium</a> is injected into a bile duct in the <a href="/facts/Liver/Rtp4Fk2b">liver</a>, after which <a href="/facts/X-ray/wseP79cN">X-rays</a> are taken. It allows access to the biliary tree in cases where <a href="/facts/Endoscopic_retrograde_cholangiopancreatography/BpfeWhVP">endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography</a> has been unsuccessful. Initially reported in 1937, the procedure became popular in 1952. </p>