High Performance Fortran

High Performance Fortran (HPF) is an extension of <a href="/facts/Fortran/m1KqjcMU">Fortran 90</a> with constructs that support <a href="/facts/Parallel_computing/nQzcpzQt">parallel computing</a>, published by the High Performance Fortran Forum (HPFF). The HPFF was convened and chaired by <a href="/facts/Ken_Kennedy_(computer_scientist)/QsgPp4wL">Ken Kennedy</a> of <a href="/facts/Rice_University/YvEYoWMn">Rice University</a>. The first version of the HPF Report was published in 1993.
Building on the array syntax introduced in Fortran 90, HPF uses a <a href="/facts/Data_parallelism/SkYoL91S">data parallel</a> model of computation to support spreading the work of a single <a href="/facts/Array_data_structure/BKGvF8AM">array</a> computation over multiple processors. This allows efficient implementation on both <a href="/facts/Single_instruction%2c_multiple_data/gQHWQSpo">SIMD</a> and <a href="/facts/Multiple_instruction%2c_multiple_data/MA3orFRh">MIMD</a> style architectures. HPF features included:

<ul><li>New Fortran statements, such as FORALL, and the ability to create <a href="/facts/Pure_function/xveknjJ3">PURE</a> (<a href="/facts/Side_effect_(computer_science)/AU3GlLzG">side effect</a> free) procedures</li>
<li>Compiler directives for recommended alignment and distribution of array data (influenced by the earlier Fortran D and Vienna Fortran research efforts)</li>
<li>Compiler directive for specifying processor arrangements (e.g., rank, extent, etc.)</li>
<li>Compiler directive for asserting loop iteration independence</li>
<li>Extrinsic procedure interface for interfacing to non-HPF parallel procedures such as those using <a href="/facts/Message_passing/RYf3hD3J">message passing</a></li>
<li>Additional library routines - including environmental inquiry, parallel prefix/suffix (e.g., <a href="/facts/Prefix_sum/HAacSHLW">'scan'</a>, <a href="/facts/Segmented_scan/AYCNu9IC">segmented scan</a>), data scattering, and <a href="/facts/Sorting/olGzsItY">sorting</a> operations</li></ul>
Fortran 95 incorporated several HPF capabilities. In response, the HPFF again convened and published the HPF 2.0 Report. The updated report removed material which was already covered by Fortran 95. The report was also reorganized and revised based on experience with HPF 1.0.
While some vendors did incorporate HPF into their compilers in the 1990s, some aspects proved difficult to implement and of questionable use. Since then, most vendors and users have moved to <a href="/facts/OpenMP/69IpI80o">OpenMP</a>-based parallel processing. However HPF continues to have influence. For example, the BIT data type proposal for the <a href="/facts/Fortran/m1KqjcMU">Fortran-2008</a> standard contained a number of new intrinsic functions taken directly from HPF.

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High Performance Fortran