Treaty of London (1839)

<p>The Treaty of London of 1839, was signed on 19 April 1839 between the major European powers, the <a href="/facts/United_Kingdom_of_the_Netherlands/JGfEtJAy">United Kingdom of the Netherlands</a>, and the <a href="/facts/Kingdom_of_Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Kingdom of Belgium</a>. It was a direct follow-up to the 1831 <a href="/facts/Treaty_of_the_Eighteen_Articles/BeVzrAyE">Treaty of the XVIII Articles</a>, which the Netherlands had refused to sign, and the result of negotiations at the London Conference of 1838–1839 which sought to maintain the <a href="/facts/Concert_of_Europe/SuVMRoa4">Concert of Europe</a>.
</p><p>Under the treaty, the European powers recognised and guaranteed the independence and neutrality of <a href="/facts/Belgium/YKuMXP5j">Belgium</a> and established the full independence of the German-speaking part of <a href="/facts/Luxembourg/vRN04l7f">Luxembourg</a>. Article VII required Belgium to remain perpetually <a href="/facts/Neutral_country/Ig022QPh">neutral</a>. Following the German invasion of 1914, Belgium abandoned its policy of neutrality (except for a brief, unsuccessful resumption from 1936 to 1940).
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Treaty of London (1839) open-in-new

Treaty of London (1839)